G

Gamba, Carlo

November 8, 2023March 29, 2024

Full Name: Gamba, Carlo

Gender: male

Date Born: 1870

Date Died: unknown

Home Country/ies: Italy

Subject Area(s): Italian (culture or style), Italian Renaissance-Baroque styles, and Renaissance

Career(s): art critics

Overview

Critic and Scholar of the Italian high renaissance. notes about Gamba’s opinions on Giotto appear in Richard Offner‘s annotated catalog of the 1937 Mostra Giottesca.

Selected Bibliography

Giotto. Rome: Instituto nazionale “L. U. C. E.”,1930; Giovanni Bellini. . Milan: U. Hoepli, 1937; La pittura di Michelangiolo; Novara: Instituo Geografico de Agostini, 1943; La scultura di Michelangiolo, Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 1943.

Sources

[cited] Previtali, Giovanni. “The Periodization of Italian Art History.” History of Italian Art. vol. 2 Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994, p. 45, note 66; Ladis, Andrew. “The Unmaking of a Connoisseur.” in, Offner, Richard. A Discerning Eye: Essays on Early Italian Painting. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998, p,19, note 1;

Critic and Scholar of the Italian high renaissance. notes about Gamba’s opinions on Giotto appear in Richard Offner’s annotated catalog of the 1937 Mostra Giottesca.

Gantner, Joseph

November 8, 2023March 29, 2024

Full Name: Gantner, Joseph

Other Names:

Joseph Gantner

Gender: male

Date Born: 11 September 1896

Date Died: 07 April 1988

Place Born: Baden, Aargau, Switzerland

Place Died: Basel, Basle-Town, Switzerland

Home Country/ies: Switzerland

Subject Area(s): historiography, Medieval (European), and Renaissance

Overview

Professor (Ordinarius) of art history at the University of Basel, 1938-1967; Medieval and Renaissance scholar and art historiographer. Gantner’s father was Alfred Gantner (d. ca. 1943), a manager at the Baden, Switzerland, branch of the engineering firm Brown Boveri, and his mother Marie Wächter (Gantner), (d. 1944), a midwife. He attended the universities of Zürich, Basel, and Geneva before settling in 1915 at the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich. Ganter studied the winter semester in Rome under Adolfo Venturi before completing his doctorate in 1920 under Heinrich Wölfflin. Wölfflin, another Swiss native, became a personal friend. Gantner’s dissertation topic was on the history of the reception of Michelangelo through the 19th century. His first major studies were on Michelangelo’s preliminary cartoons for the Sistine Chapel. He began as an assistant to Paul Ganz at the University of Basel. Between 1922-1923 he edited the Swiss art journal Das Werk. His Habilitationsschrift was completed in 1926, the same year he began work on a second doctorate (through 1928) at the university in Zürich. Gantner taught as a privatdozent in Zürich beginning in 1927 and editing Das Werk for a second term. Gantner moved to the newly-founded Kunstschule, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, the same year. In Frankfurt, he also edited the periodical Das neue Frankfurt. Gantner married the portrait photographer Maria Hanna Dreyfus (1907-2005) in Frankfurt in 1932. After the Nazi accession to power in Germany in 1933, he returned to Switzerland in order to protect his Jewish wife from persecution. He began publishing his monographic set Kunstgeschichte der Schweiz in 1936. Gantner completed his second Zürich dissertation in 1938. The same year he was appointed Professor of Art History at the University of Basel, a chair previously held by the most eminent Swiss art historians, who, in addition to Wölfflin, included Jacob Burckhardt and Benedetto Croce. In 1943 he founded the publication Basler Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte. From 1952, Gantner also edited the Zeitschrift für ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft with Heinrich Lützeler. He became Rektor of the University in 1954 and a member of the Kunstmuseum Basel (Basel Art Museum) Commission. In 1958 he published a book charting the reaction to Leonardo’s work, discerning four stages in the reception to the artist’s work in the years following Leonardo’s death. He retired from University in 1967, publishing now on Spanish art (including a major work on Goya) and the esthetician José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) until Gantner’s death at 91. Gantner was deeply influenced by the teaching and friendship of Wölfflin. His work also demonstrates an intellectual lineage to his Basel predecessors Burckhardt and Croce, and the French art historian Henri Focillon, particularly Focillon’s theoretical framework outline in The Life Forms of Art. He was not, however, a slavish imitator of any of them. His major study of Swiss art history is of lasting value, as is his writing on the particular to problems of the artistic imagination, specifically Leonardo and his emphasis on the “immaginario..

Selected Bibliography

[collected works and bibliography:] Das Bild des Herzens: über Vollendung u. Unvollendung in d. Kunst: Reden u. Aufsätze. Berlin: Mann, 1979 [bibliography, pp. 163-174]; [dissertation:] Michelangelo: Die Beurteilung seiner Kunst von Lionardo bis Goethe. Beiträge zu einer Ideengeschichte der Kunsthistoriographie. Ph.D., Munich, 1920; and Reinle, Adolf. Kunstgeschichte der Schweiz von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. 4 vols. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1936-1962; Romanische Plastik: Inhalt und Form in der Kunst des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts. Vienna: A. Schroll, 1948; Schönheit und Grenzen der klassischen Form: Burckhardt, Croce, Wölfflin: Drei Vorträge. Vienna: A. Schroll, 1949; Rodin und Michelangelo. Vienna: A. Schroll, 1953; Leonardos Visionen von der Sintflut und vom Untergang der Welt: Geschichte einer Künstlerischen Idee. Bern: Francke, 1958; and Gerke, Friedrich. Das Unvollendete als künstlerische Form: Ein Symposium. Saarbrücken, Universität des Saarlandes, Philosophische Fakultät. Bern: 1959; and Pobé, Marcel. Gallia Romanica: die hohe Kunst der romanischen Epoche in Frankreich. Vienna: A. Schroll, 1955; English, The Glory of Romanesque Art. New York: Vanguard Press, 1956 [appearing in the United Kingdom as Romanesque Art in France]; and Gerke, Friedrich (papers). Das Unvollendete als künstlerische Form: Ein Symposium. Saarbrücken, Universität des Saarlandes, Philosophische Fakultät. Bern: 1959; Goya: der Künstler und seine Welt. Berlin: Mann, 1974.

Sources

Barasch, Moshe. “Gantner’s Theory of Prefiguration.” British Journal of Aesthetics 3 (April 1963): 148-156; Sitt, Martina, ed. Kunsthistoriker in eigener Sache: Zehn autobiographische Skizzen. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1990, pp. 132-166; Betthausen, Peter. “Joseph Gantner.” Metzler Kunsthistoriker Lexikon: zweihundert Porträts deutschsprachiger Autoren aus vier Jahrhunderten. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Metzler, 2007, pp. 113-116; Hauser, Stephan E. “Basel und die Moderne.” Uni Nova: Wissenschaftsmagazin der Universität Basel 88 (May 2001): 11-15; personal correspondence, Alfred Gantner (nephew), Bristol, UK, September 2007; [obituaries:] Neue Züricher Zeitung, April 9, 1988, and, April 15, 1988; Haussherr, Reiner. Jahrbuch of Mainz Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur 1991, pp. 108-112.

Contributors: Lee Sorensen

Ganz, Paul

November 8, 2023March 29, 2024

Full Name: Ganz, Paul

Gender: male

Date Born: 1872

Date Died: 1954

Place Born: Zürich, Switzerland

Place Died: Oberhofen, Bern, Switzerland

Home Country/ies: Switzerland

Overview

Holbein scholar and professor of art history at the University in Basel, 1909-. Ganz father was Rudolf Ganz (1848-1928) the portrait photographer. He studied at the Académie des beaux-arts in Brussels between 1890 and 1892 and then the history of art at the University in Zürich. His first appointment was at the Musée historique in Basel, 1900-1901, then a privatdozent 1901. Between 1902 and 1919 he was conservator of the public art collections (öffentliche Kunstsammlung). In 1909 Ganz was appointed professor of art history at the University in Basel. The following year he married Cécile Kern. In 1913 he founded the Jahrbuch für Kunst und Kunstpflege in der Schweiz, an annual. Ganz hired the new Ph.D. Joseph Gantner to be his assistant in 1920 at the University, who later became professor there. He became ordinarius in 1929. Ganz was part of the group founding the Archives suisses d’histoire de l’art. Ganz built a significant personal art collection, which included a Turner and a Tintoretto as well as works by the Swiss artist Ferdinand Hodler. He reorganized the Society of Art History in Switzerland. In 1937 he made an extended trip to the United States, lecturing on Holbein and examining the considerable holdings in the country. He issued the catalogue raisonné on Holbein in 1950. Ganz was a member of the Pro Helvetia committee. His son, Paul Leonhard Ganz (1910-1976), was also an art historian and edited his father’s books after his death.Ganz specialized in the English émigré masters of his own country, Fuseli and Holbein. His catalogue raisonné was considered by the Holbein scholar John Rowlands in 1985 to be one of the three important catalogues on the artist.

Selected Bibliography

Meisterwerke der öffentlichen Kunstsammlung in Basel. Munich: F. Hanfstaengl, 1924; Die Zeichnungen Hans Heinrich Füsslis (Henry Fuseli). Bern: Urs Graf-Verlag, 1947, English, The Drawings of Henry Fuseli. New York: Chanticleer Press, 1949; Hans Holbein: die Gemälde. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1950, English, The Paintings of Hans Holbein London, Phaidon, 1950; and Ganz, Paul Leonhard. Geschichte der Kunst in der Schweiz von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Basel: B. Schwabe 1960.

Sources

mentioned, Sitt, Martina, ed. Kunsthistoriker in eigener Sache: Zehn autobiographische Skizzen. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1990, pp. 140; Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/index.php, cite 1045; [obituary:] Werk 41 (November 1954): 270.

Gardner, Ernest A.

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

Full Name: Gardner, Ernest A.

Other Names:

Ernest Arthur Gardner

Gender: male

Date Born: 1862

Date Died: 1939

Place Born: London, Greater London, England, UK

Place Died: Maidenhead, Windsor and Maidenhead, England, UK

Home Country/ies: United Kingdom

Subject Area(s): Ancient Greek (culture or style), archaeology, and Hellenic

Overview

Archaeologist, classical art historian and editor of the Journal of Hellenic Studies,1897-1932. Gardner was the son of Thomas Gardner and Ann Pearse. He studied initially at the City of London School under the Semitic scholar Edwin A. Abbott (1838-1926) and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, beginning in 1880, graduating in 1884, and joining the college as a fellow from 1885 (to 1894). Beginning in 1885, he furthered the excavations at Naucratis (Egypt) for the Egypt Exploration Fund (1885-6), begun by Sir Flinders Petrie (1853-1942). This gained him entrance as the first student at the newly established British School at Athens under Francis Cranmer Penrose in 1886. Gardner’s earliest publications began with the chapters on the inscriptions of Naucratis I and Naucratis II appeared between 1886-1888. He was appointed the Craven student for Cambridge in 1887, which he held until 1890, studying in Athens with Oxford Craven fellow David Hogarth (1862-1927). In 1887, too, Gardner was appointed director of the British School, marrying Mary Wilson (d. 1936). The work of Cambridge historian Francis H. H. Guillemard (1852-1933) established the Cyprus Exploration Fund which sponsored the archaeological digs at Old Paphos and Salamis, Egypt, under Gardner, Hogarth and Monty James. With the renewal of his appointment as Director of the School, Gardner excavated Megalopolis in the Peloponnese. The School thrived under his direction, producing among its first students the archaeologist Sir John Myres (1869-1954) and the social anthropologist and mythologist Sir James Frazer (1854-1941). In 1895 he resigned his directorship, becoming Yates professor of archaeology at the University of London the following year. There Gardner founded a school of classical archaeology at University College. His first publication on art, a Handbook of Greek Sculpture, appeared in 1897,quickly becoming a standard. In 1897, too, Gardner became an editor for the Journal of Hellenic Studies, issuing his Catalogue of the Greek Vases in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge the same year. Ancient Athens was published in 1902. In 1905 he co-wrote the second volume of Introduction to Greek Epigraphy by Ernest Stewart Roberts (1847-1912) with Roberts. Another book on Greek sculpture, Six Greek Sculptors and Religion and Art in Ancient Greece both appeared in 1910. A revised and enlarged edition of Handbook of Greek Sculpture was issued in 1915. During World War I he was commissioned as a lieutenant-commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, serving as an intelligence officer in Greece between 1915 to 1917 and then in London until 1919. His final art history text, Art of Greece, appeared in 1925. In 1927 he became Yates lecturer at University College. He relinquished his editorship of the Journal of Hellenic Studies in 1932. In 1933, Gardner’s successful vademecum for Mediterranean travelers, Greece and the Aegean, was published. Gardner retired 1929 from his chair responsibilities, continuing to lecture until 1933. He died at his home in Maidenhead, Berkshire and is buried in Stubbings churchyard there. His students included Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler in whose memoirs Gardner appears. His brother was the Oxford art historian Percy Gardner. His papers are held at University College, London.

Selected Bibliography

The Art of Greece. London: “The Studio”, 1925; Excavations at Megalopolis, 1890-1891. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, 1892; A Handbook of Greek Sculpture. New York: Macmillan, 1897; Poet and Artist in Greece. London: Duckworth, 1933; Religion and Art in Ancient Greece. London: Harper, 1910; Six Greek Sculptors. London: Duckworth, 1910; edited, Middleton, John H. Plans and Drawings of Athenian Buildings. London: Macmillan, 1900.

Sources

Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C. and Major, Henry D. A., revised Gill, David. “Gardner, Ernest Arthur (1862-1939).” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; Waterhouse, Helen. The British School at Athens: the First Hundred Years. London: Thames and Hudson, 1986; Wheeler, Mortimer. Still Digging New York:Dutton, 1956; Hawkes, J. Mortimer Wheeler: Adventurer in Archaeology. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982; [obituary:]

Archaeologist, classical art historian and editor of the Journal of Hellenic Studies,1897-1932. Gardner was the son of Thomas Gardner and Ann Pearse. He studied initially at the City of London School under the Semitic scholar Edwin A. Abb

Gardner, Helen

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

**Image Credit:** The ArtInstitute of Chicago Library Archive

Full Name: Gardner, Helen

Gender: female

Date Born: 1878

Date Died: 1946

Place Born: Manchester, Hillsborough, NH, USA

Place Died: Chicago, Cook, IL, USA

Home Country/ies: United States

Subject Area(s): American (North American) and art history

Career(s): art historians and educators

Overview

Professor of art history at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and author of a standard history of art textbook. Gardner was the daughter of Charles Frederick Gardner, a tailor and Martha W. Cunningham. In 1891 the family moved to Chicago. Gardner attended Hyde Park High School before the University of Chicago. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa in, honors in Latin and Greek in 1901. She taught at Brooks Classical school in Chicago, serving as assistant principal (her sister was principal) between 1905 to 1910. In 1915 she returned to the University of Chicago where she was awarded a university fellowship in 1917. She studied art history achieving an A. M. in 1918. Her thesis was entitled “A Critical Chart of Florentine Painting of the Fifteenth Century.” Gardner continued to take art history courses until 1922. She never received a Ph.D. In 1919, she was appointed head of the photograph and slide collection at the Ryerson Libraries of the Art Institute of Chicago. She began lecturing in 1920 at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in art history. Her initial course was an art survey. In 1922 she became a full-time lecturer at the school, developing an art history curriculum. In 1926 her Art Through the Ages: An introduction to Its History and Significance appeared, which she used in her courses. This innovative survey text brought her national recognition, and lectureships at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1927. The following year she lectured at her alma mater before returning to the SAIC. Gardner published an art appreciation text, Understanding the Arts in 1932, which was directed toward art educators. She was appointed full professor and the department chair in 1934. A second, expanded edition of Art Through the Ages appeared in 1936, and including section of modern art, which had been omitted in the earlier edition. In 1944 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and was forced to retire. Gardner completed the text for a third edition before she died of complications of bronchopneumonia in 1946. The third edition of Art Through the Ages appeared posthumously in 1948. Gardner planned a book on the arts of the Americas, including pre-Columbian and American-Indian arts which was never realized. Art Through the Ages became the primary text for American art history classes for the middle third of the twentieth century. It was only eclipsed in 1962 by History of Art by Horst Woldemar Janson. More than 260,000 copies were sold during her lifetime. Numerous editions and revisions were published until 1980. Gardner was a pioneer in incorporating non-western art into her survey; the first to incorporate non-Western art into a universal art survey (Errington). Later editions altered the structure of the original work, eliminating decorative and useful arts and the analysis of cultures, which had been Gardner’s forte.

Selected Bibliography

Sources

“Gardner, Helen.” American National Biography; Allen, Harold. “Helen Gardner: Quiet Rebel,” in, Stone, Lisa, and Zanzi, Jam. Sacred Spaces and Other Places: a Guide to Grottos and Sculptural Environments in the Upper Midwest. Chicago: School of the Art Institute of Chicago Press, 1993; Errington, Shelly. The Death of Authentic: Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998, p. 53..

Gardner, Julian

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

Full Name: Gardner, Julian

Other Names:

Julian Richard Gardner

Gender: male

Date Born: 06 May 1940

Place Born: Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, UK

Home Country/ies: United Kingdom

Subject Area(s): Italian (culture or style), Medieval (European), and painting (visual works)

Overview

Scholar of Italina medieval art; Giotto specialist. Gardner’s parents were John Vincent and Jessie Lamb Walker (Gardner). Gardner graduated from Oxford University in 1961 with a B.A. He obtained a diploma in art history from the University of London in 1964. After a year as a Rivoira fellow in medieval archaeology at the British School at Rome, 1965-1966, he completed an M.A. from Oxford in 1966. He returned to the University of London, teaching as a lecturer at the University’s Courtauld Institute in 1966 while working on his dissertation. In 1967 he married Ann Margaret Stoves (d. 1968), who died the following year. His Ph.D. was granted from the University of London University in 1969 with a dissertation topic on papal patronage in medieval Italy. Gardner met and married fellow art history graduate student at the Courtauld, Christa Freiin Teuffel von Birkensee, in 1973. He continued to lecture at the Courtauld until 1974 when he was appointed Foundation professor history of art, Warwick University, Coventry, England, remaining there his career. He joined the editorial consultative committee of the Burlington Magazine in 1975. He was a Visiting research professor Bibliotheca Hertziana, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rome, 1983 to 1985. Gardner published widely in periodicals but issued no monograph until the 1990s. Tomb and the Tiara: Curial Tomb Sculpture in Rome and Avignon in the Later Middle Ages appeared in 1992. The following year his early collected studies were published. In 1998 he lectured “Giotto in America (and elsewhere)” at the symposium at the National Gallery of Art, Washgington, D. C. He taught as distinguished visiting professor medieval studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2000. He became closely associated with Harvard University’s Villa I Tatti study center assisting in the convening of the internation conference “Arnolfo’s Moment” there on the era of Arnolfo di Cambio. His book on Giotto, Giotto and his Publics: Three Paradigms of Patronage was issued in 2011. In 2012 a festscrhift appeared in his honor.

Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] The Influence of Pope’s and Cardinal’s Patronage on the Introduction of the Gothic Style into Rome and the Surrounding Area, 1254-1305. University of London, 1969; The Tomb and the Tiara: Curial Tomb Sculpture in Rome and Avignon in the Later Middle Ages. Oxford: Clarendon Press/ New York: Oxford University Press, 1992; Patrons, Painters, and Saints: Studies in Medieval Italian Painting. Brookfield, VT: Variorum, 1993; contributor, Italian Altarpieces, 1250-1550: Function and Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994; contributor, Giotto as a Historical and Literary Figure: Miscellaneous Specialized Studies. New York: Garland, 1998; “Giotto in America (and Elsewhere).” Italian Panel Painting of the Duecento and Trecento. Studies in the History of Art 61. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art/New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002; Arnolfo’s Moment: Acts of an International Conference, Florence, Villa I Tatti, May 26-27, 2005. Florence: L.S. Olschki, 2009; “French Patrons Abroad and at Home: 1260-1300,” in Rome Across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas c. 500-1400. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 265-277; Giotto and his Publics: Three Paradigms of Patronage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Sources

“Introduction.” in, Bourdua, Louise, and Gibbs, Robert, eds. A Wider Trecento: Studies in 13th- and 14th-century European Art Presented to Julian Gardner. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2012.

Contributors: Lee Sorensen

Gabburri, Francesco Maria Niccolo

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

Full Name: Gabburri, Francesco Maria Niccolo

Other Names:

Francesco Maria Niccolo Gaburri

Gender: male

Date Born: 1676

Date Died: 1742

Place Born: Florence, Tuscany, Italy

Place Died: Florence, Tuscany, Italy

Home Country/ies: Italy

Subject Area(s): biography (general genre)

Career(s): art collectors and biographers

Overview

Art historian and collector; Gabburri compiled after 1719 an ambitious encyclopedic dictionary of artists’ lives, ranging from the primitives to his contemporaries, called the Vite, it remains in manuscript.

Gablik, Suzi

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

Full Name: Gablik, Suzi

Other Names:

Suzi Gablik

Gender: female

Date Born: 1934

Place Born: New York, NY, USA

Home Country/ies: United States

Subject Area(s): aesthetics

Career(s): art critics and artists (visual artists)

Overview

Artist, art critic and art historian. Gablik was born to Anthony J. Gablik and Geraldine Schwarz (Gablik). She briefly attended Black Mountain College during the summer of 1951 before entering Hunter College (now part of the City University of New York) where she studied with Robert Motherwell. She received her B. A. in 1955. Gablik began as an artist working in college paintings. In 1966 held her first one-woman show in New York. She and the New York Times art critic John Russell wrote the exhibition catalog, Pop Art Redefined in 1969. Another solo show was held in 1972 in New York. In the late 1970s she ceased making art to devote herself to writing art history and criticism. She became a university lecturer. In 1977 she authored Progress in Art. Her writing became increasingly concerned with the social aspects. Her book Has Modernism Failed? appeared in 1984. In it she argued that the early modern art movement’s commitment to social change ceased in the art of the 1980s. Gablik claimed she stopped being a visual artist because her writing was more satisfying and was more able to alter people’s thinking through books than art. She was the London critic for Art In America for most of the 1980s. Her Re-Enchantment of Art, 1991 pitted a new “connective aesthetics” against what she termed “deconstruction and despair.” The dominant art, she believed, was part of the problem. Re-Enchantment suggested a new “connective aesthetics” arguing against what she saw as the dominant trends of deconstruction and despair. Art should heal, she argued, something that contemporary art did not do.

Selected Bibliography

Magritte. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1970; and Russell, John. Pop Art Redefined. New York: Praeger, 1969; Has Modernism Failed? New York: Thames and Hudson, 1984; Progress in Art. New York: Rizzoli, 1977; The Re-Enchantment of Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.

Sources

Kleinbauer, W. Eugene. Research Guide to the History of Western Art. Sources of Information in the Humanities, no. 2. Chicago: American Library Association, 1982, p. 26; Bryson, Greg. “Suzi Gablik.” Art Criticism 14 no. 1 (1999):11-15, and “An Interview with Suzi Gablik.” 16-19; Gablik, Suzi. Living the Magical Life: An Oracular Adventure. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 2002; Conversations Before the End of Time. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

Gaertner, Johannes A.

November 8, 2023March 29, 2024

Full Name: Gaertner, Johannes A.

Other Names:

Johannes Alexander Gaertner

Gender: male

Date Born: 1912

Date Died: 1996

Place Born: Berlin, Germany

Place Died: Easton, Clarion, PA, USA

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): aesthetics and art theory

Career(s): educators

Overview

Aesthetician, art educational theorist, professor of art history at Lafayette College, Easton, PA,1947-1977. Gaertner was the son of Carl Eugen Gaertner (1884-1937) and Fanny Hurwitz (Gaertner). Though his mother was Jewish, he was raised a Christian. Gaertner received his doctorate in theology from the University in Heidelberg in 1936, writing a dissertation on Johann Gottfried Herder’s position on Christian art. His intent was to become a Christian minister. Despite being half Jewish, Gaertner was eligible for conscription in the German army. To avoid this, he emigrated to Peru immediately after graduation. There he met and married a Jewish refugee, also from Berlin, Gerda Meyer (1916-2004), a fashion designer, in 1941. The coupled lived in the South American country until the end of the World War II where Gaertner worked as a private language tutor in Lima and subsequently for a book importer. He and his wife moved to the United States in 1946, initially settling in New York working for a book publisher. He was sponsored in the United States by the director of the Boston Athenaem, Walter Muir Whitehill (1905-1978), through a mutual interest in Latin. Gaertner was hired at Lafayette College in Easton PA in 1947, initially as the Latin teacher. He parlayed his skills in the small college to teaching a variety of humanities courses of the years. He published poetry in Latin and German between 1954 and 1964. At Lafayette, Gaertner instituted the first art history courses, a single one-term class. He was promoted to associate professor in 1958. Gaertner collecting his thoughts on American painting in a German-language book, Prisma der Demokratie: Ausdruck und Selbstkritik in der Malerei Amerikas, published in 1961. He was promoted to professor of art history in 1967, remaining teaching there for the next ten years until he retired emeritus. Students inspired by Gaertner included the Yale University art historian Jules Prown. He died at a local hospital at age 83. Gaertner was characteristic of many one-person art history departments in the second half of the 20th Century in the United States. He taught all areas of art as a way to bring cultural studies to a small college. His early publishing career was on Latin instruction (his appointment at the time) and later on art articles on art instruction. Prown described Gaertner as “an inspirational but idiosyncratic undergraduate teacher.”

Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Johann Gottfried Herders Anschauungen über eine christliche Kunst. Ph.D., Heidelberg, 1936, published Berlin, 1938; “Myth and Pattern in the Lives of Artists.” Art Journal 30, no. 1 (Autumn, 1970): 27-30; Prisma der Demokratie: Ausdruck und Selbstkritik in der Malerei Amerikas. Berlin: B. Hessling, 1961.0.Metzler

Sources

[Staff Biographical Form, Lafayette College, complete December 7, 1965]; Wendland, Ulrike. Biographisches Handbuch deutschsprachiger Kunsthistoriker im Exil: Leben und Werk der unter dem Nationalsozialismus verfolgten und vertriebenen Wissenschaftler. Munich: Saur, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 184-5; Bliwise, Robert. “Dr. Johannes Gaertner: The Many Dimensions of a Lafayette Scholar.” The Lafayette May 11, 1972; Ruthizer, Jeffery. “My Lafayette Experience – Connecting My Life After Lafayette.” Lafayette Alumni News Summer 2006. http://www.lafayette.edu/press/magazine/June06/reflect; Prown, Jules David. [comments from the symposium dinner, October 20, 1995] Yale Journal of Criticism 11 no. 1 (1998): 9-10; [obituaries:] “Johannes Gaertner, 83, Lafayette Professor of Foreign Languages.” Morning Call January 30, 1996, p. B5; Express Times (Easton, PA) January 30, 1996, p. B6; personal conversation, Susanna Gaertner, February 13, 2008.

Gage, John

November 8, 2023April 18, 2024

Full Name: Gage, John

Gender: male

Date Born: 1938

Date Died: 2012

Home Country/ies: United Kingdom

Institution(s): University of Cambridge

Overview

Turner scholar.

Selected Bibliography

Turner: Rain, Steam, and Speed. New York, Viking Press, 1972.

Contributors: Lee Sorensen

Turner scholar.

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