Gérôme and 19th-century French art scholar. Ackerman graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1952 with a B.A. He moved to Munich where he studied at the Maximillien University under Hans Sedlmayr between 1956-1958 before returning to the United States where he began teaching as an art history lecturer at Bryn Mawr. He received his MFA at Princeton University in 1960, continuing for his Ph.D. in 1964 with a thesis, written under Erwin Panofsky and Rensselaer W.

Curator of paintings at the Louvre Museum, 1951-1965; historian of 19^th century French art. Bazin was the son of Charles Bazin and Jeanne Laurence Mounier-Pouthot (Bazin). He studied art history at the Sorbonne with both Henri Focillon and Émile Mâle, where he reached the baccalaureate and licentiate levels. After completing his studies at the Sorbonne, Bazin received a diploma in museology from the école du Louvre. In 1928, he joined the department of drawings at the école des Beaux Arts in Paris.

Kurt Badt student, Cezanne scholar.

Critic and historian of French and Italian art; chair in the history of art at the Collège de France (1878); first editor of the Gazette des beaux-arts. Originally trained as an engraver, Blanc began submitting journal articles to Bons Sens and Le Progrès in 1836. Throughout his career, he was politically active, advocating increased government support for the arts. In 1848, Blanc was appointed head of the Bureau des Beaux-Arts.

Historian of French and Italian art; Warburg Institute professor; director of the Courtauld Institute; Soviet spy. Blunt was born to minor privilege, his father, Arthur Stanley Vaughan Blunt (1870-1929), the chaplain to the British Embassy in Paris. His mother was Hilda Master Blunt (1880-1969). From early on, he gained an appreciation for French art and architecture. Like his brothers would, Blunt received a scholarship to Marlborough College. His first position, upon graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1930, was as art critic for the (London) Spectator.

Philosopher and historian of ideas scholar; wrote early social histories of art. Boas was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the fifth of seven children of Herman Boas and Sarah Eisenberg (Boas). He attended Classical High School in Providence, RI, where his early interest in Greek and Latin grew. After graduation, Boas studied art at the Rhode Island School of Design under Henry Hunt Clark (b. 1875) and transferred to study English at Brown University, where he completed his B.A. and M.A. in 1913. He studied under the philosopher Josiah Royce (1855-1916) and received his second M.A.

Early French photographer of art history images. He was born in Alsace, Germany, presently known as Dornach, Germany. Braun was the son of Samuel Braus, a police officer stationed in Bresançon. The family moved to Mulhouse (Alsace) in 1822 where Braun grew up. He attended the local école industrielle (he missed attending the Mulhouse design school), completing his trade schooling in Paris, settling there. Initially worked as a fabric designer, setting up his own business in 1834 with his brother.

Historian of 18th and 19th century French painting. Brookner was born to Newson Bruckner, a Polish immigrant, and Maude Schiska (Bruckner), a British singer whose grandfather was originally from Warsaw, Poland.  Fearful of the German-sounding last name, her mother changed their family name to Brookner as World War II began. Although secular Jews, the Brookners took in Jewish refugees fleeing the Germans during the 1930s and World War II.  Brookner attended a private school, the James Allen's Girls' School.

Art historian of French eighteenth-century painting and Harvard University professor. Bryson was born to Edward James Bryson, a director of a large company and Mai Bendon (Bryson), Bryson, a physical therapist. Bryson attended King's College, Cambridge receiving an A M. in 1971. He attended University of California, Berkeley between 1970-72 before completing his Ph.D., at Cambridge in 1977. Beginning in 1976, Bryson taught as a fellow in English at King's College. Bryson burst onto the art historical scene with his 1981 book Word and Image: French Painting of the Ancien Regime.

French iconographer of medieval sculpture and decorative arts. Cahier studied at the College of Saint-Acheul. He joined the Jesuit order, ordained as priest, in 1824. Cahier lectured at the Jesuit colleges in Paris, Brieg (in the Swiss Canton of Wallis), Turin, and in Belgium at Brugalette. In the pre-photography days, Cahier began "collecting" medieval monuments, noting their location and iconography with the idea of documenting the Christian (i. e., Roman Catholic) faith via art of the middle ages.

Architectural historian and crusader for the protection of French medieval monuments; harsh opponent of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc's restorations.

Archaeologist; reviver of interest in Romanesque sculpture in France; first to use the term (but not the concept); founder of the Société Française d'Archéologie. Caumont was born to a prominent Normandy family. He studied at the University in Caen under Abbé Gervais de la Rue (1751-1835) and Charles Gerville, who, exiles to England during the first empire, imbued Caumont with English ideas. In 1819 he graduated and began legal studies.

Scholar of Baroque art He co-authored with Jacques Thuillier two monographs on French painting, one covering the period of art betwen [Jean] Fouquet to Poussin (1963) and the second from Le Nain to Fragonard (1964).

Géricault scholar, wrote major attribution catalog on Géricault. Lorenz Eitner described as "one of the very best art-historical monographs produced in the nineteenth-century." His granddaughter was the art historian Françoise Henry.

Poussin scholar and New York University professor of art history. Costello was raised in Brooklyn. She graduated from Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, NY, and then Barnard College in 1940. She continued for graduate study at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts, writing her dissertation under Walter F. Friedländer in 1951. In 1952 joined the faculty at New York University teaching undergraduates at the Washington Square campus.

Historian of 18th-century French art and prime exponent of the "New Art History" in the United States. Crow was raised in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. As a teenager, he moved with his family to San Diego, California in 1961. He entered Pomona College, Pomona, CA, graduating with a B. A. graduating magna cum laude in 1969. He continued graduate work at the University of California, Los Angeles with an M.A. in 1975 and Ph.D. in 1978. His classmates included another Marxist-approach art student and later art historian, Serge Guilbaut.

Minister of Arts under Napoleon, developer and first director of the Louvre Museum; collector and engraver. Denon was born to a provincial noble family. He initially studied law in Paris in 1765, but switched to study painting under Noël Hallé (1711-1781). His first official appointment came as keeper of the collection of gems and medals left to the King by Madame de Pompadour. Beginning in 1772, he worked as an attaché to the French embassies in St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Geneva and Naples, making engravings in addition to his diplomatic work.

British amateur author and art historian, popular writer on art, particularly French. Emilia Strong was the daughter of Henry Strong, a bank manager and amateur painter and Emily Weedon (Strong). Her father knew the Pre-Raphaelite painter John Everett Millais (1829-1896). Strong grew up in affluence and religious devotion; throughout her life she experienced religious hallucinations. Until she was forty-five, she used her middle and gender-ambiguous name "Francis." Educated by a capable governess, Strong moved to London at eighteen to study painting at the South Kensington School of Art.

Specialist in French painting; art critic; royalist; political activist. Dimier was the son of Joseph Dimier (d. 1870) and Marie Delsart. His father hailed from the Savoie and settled in Paris, where he dealt in paper ware. After his father's death when the young Dimier was five, he began his formal education with the Catholic Brothers of the rue Saint-Antoine. During a six-month stay in Stuttgart (Germany), at age fourteen, he learned German. In 1882-1883 he studied at the lycée Saint-Louis and then went on to study philosophy with the Jesuits.

Toulouse-Lautrec scholar and collector. President of the Society of Friends of the Albi Museum (France). Wrote the catalogue raisonné of Toulouse-Laurtec's work.

University of Chicago professor; French baroque art scholar. Dowley graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Princeton University in 1936. He entered the University of Chicago, initially studying philosophy, to which his 1941 A. M. thesis was devoted. During World War II he served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy. Between 1946-47 Dowley held a fellowship at the Institute of Fine Arts in New York, where he switched to art history, and, armed with a fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, researched 18th-century French portraiture in Paris 1947-49.

Professor of the history of medieval art at the University of Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1962-1978; specialist in Spanish and French Romanesque art. Durliat was the son of Auguste Durliat, a weaver, and of Céline Steffan. He attended the école normale at Vesoul and subsequently the école Normale Supérieure at Saint-Cloud, acting as its librarian during World War II, 1941 and 1945, and graduating in history in 1945 (agrégé d'histoire). In 1942 he married Antoinette Grossi. He was appointed professor at the Lycée of Perpignan in 1945, a position he held until 1954.

Stanford University Art History professor and Géricault scholar. Eitner was the son of William Eitner and Katherine Thonet [Eitner], Austrians citizens living in Czechoslovakia. His father worked in his wife's family bentwood furniture business, a process which the Thornet family had founded. After attending grade schools in Frankfurt and Berlin, his family, then living in Brussels, immigrated to South Carolina in 1935. He entered Duke University the following year.

Compiler of inventories of French royal art collections; deputy representing Calvados in French parliament (Chambre des députés) from 1902-1936; general secretary of the Musée social from 1898-1902. Engerand received his education from the lycée de Caen and the Institution Sainte-Marie, also in Caen. He was licensed in letters and law, and began his political career as a lawyer for the court of appeals in Paris. Later as deputy in the French legislature, Engerand sat on various government committees for public works and industrial projects.