Historian of Russian art, particularly the traditional Russian art forms of medieval, renaissance and 18th and 19th centuries. Responsible for general histories of art reflecting the ideals of the Soviet period and several histories of Russian art. Professor at the Theatre and Architecture institutes (Moscow University) and the Academy of Art. Associated with Oskar Wulff, Viktor Mikitich Lazarev and N. I Brunov.

British historian of English and Dutch Art. Armstrong was the son of Walter Armstrong, a merchant, and his wife, Mary Graham (Armstrong). He was initially educated at the Harrow School, later graduating from Exeter College, Oxford. Armstrong married Jane Emily Rose Ferard of Ascot Place in 1873. In 1880, Armstrong distinguished himself as an art critic, writing for various papers, like Pall Mall Gazette, St. James's Gazette, Manchester Guardian, and The Examiner.

Specialist in Spanish painting;;curator of painting at Louvre Museum; co-authored the Propyläen Kunstgeschichte volume on eighteenth-century art with Harald Keller.

Art patronage scholar of XVIII c. Holland.

Curator at the musée de Versailles; gave lessons on the great art collections of the 17th and 18th centuries (in the tradition of Edmond Bonnafé) and at the Ecole du Louvre. His students (though not particularly inspired by him) included Charles Sterling. He was part of a group of scholars centered around Louis-Charles-Léon Courajod, including Paul Vitry, Jean Joseph Marie Anatole Marquet de Vasselot, and Raymond Koechlin.

Historian of 18th and 19th century French painting. Brookner was born to Newson Bruckner, a Polish immigrant, and Maude Schiska (Bruckner), a British singer whose grandfather was originally from Warsaw, Poland.  Fearful of the German-sounding last name, her mother changed their family name to Brookner as World War II began. Although secular Jews, the Brookners took in Jewish refugees fleeing the Germans during the 1930s and World War II.  Brookner attended a private school, the James Allen's Girls' School.

Art historian of French eighteenth-century painting and Harvard University professor. Bryson was born to Edward James Bryson, a director of a large company and Mai Bendon (Bryson), Bryson, a physical therapist. Bryson attended King's College, Cambridge receiving an A M. in 1971. He attended University of California, Berkeley between 1970-72 before completing his Ph.D., at Cambridge in 1977. Beginning in 1976, Bryson taught as a fellow in English at King's College. Bryson burst onto the art historical scene with his 1981 book Word and Image: French Painting of the Ancien Regime.

Historian of 17th- and 18th-century Italian art; Soprintendente ai Beni Artistici of Campania, 1965-1984. Causa attended the University of Naples completing his studies with a thesis on the 17th-century Neapolitan painter Micco Spadaro (1609-1675). In 1946 Causa was appointed Ispettore of the Soprintendenza (Naples), where he remained until 1965. During his tenure, he supervised restorations, organized exhibitions and produced art-historical studies of considerable interest.

Historian of 18th-century French art and prime exponent of the "New Art History" in the United States. Crow was raised in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. As a teenager, he moved with his family to San Diego, California in 1961. He entered Pomona College, Pomona, CA, graduating with a B. A. graduating magna cum laude in 1969. He continued graduate work at the University of California, Los Angeles with an M.A. in 1975 and Ph.D. in 1978. His classmates included another Marxist-approach art student and later art historian, Serge Guilbaut.

Mexican art critic, art historian, docent, and curator.  Terresa del Conde studied psychology, and art history in the School of Philosophy and Letters (UNAM). There, she received her bachelor’s degree in psychology, her master’s degree in art history, and her doctorate in history. Her research in psychology, specifically in psychoanalysis, would later influence her work in art history.

Historian of German 18th/19th-century art; methodological theorist. The son of a military officer, von Einem demonstrated an interest in art from high school. After studying law, he turned to art history in 1923, studying at Göttingen, Berlin and Munich. In 1928, he completed his dissertation under Georg Vitzthum von Eckstädt. Einem worked in the Field Museum in Hannover until 1936. His 1935 habilitationschrift was written under the classicist Carl Fernow and Wilhelm Waetzoldt in Halle and Göttingen.

Writer, art historian of the eighteenth-century art and art critic of contemporary nineteenth-century Paris together with his brother, Jules. Edmond de Goncourt and his brother, Jules, were born into minor aristocracy. Their father, Marc-Pierre Huot de Goncourt, (d. 1834) and their mother Annette-Cécile Guérin (de Goncourt) (d.1848) both died when the men were young. Their inherited wealth enabled the brothers to become artists without concern for their livelihood, relieving Edmond from a treasury clerk position so dismal that he entertained thoughts of suicide.

Historian of the eighteenth-century French art world and early champion of modern trends for art; art critic of nineteenth-century Paris and part of a famous art-criticism team with his brother, Edmond. Jules de Goncourt and his older brother, Edmond de Goncourt, were born into minor aristocracy. Their father, Marc-Pierre Huot de Goncourt, (1787-1834) and their mother Annette-Cécile Guérin (de Goncourt) (d.1848) both died when the men were young.

Administrator and historian of tapestries and 17th and 18th century French art. Guiffrey studied law and paleography. In 1866, he was appointed Keeper of the Archives Nationale, where he worked until 1893. While working at the Archives, Guiffrey became the editor of the publications of the Société de l'Art Francais, renaiming them Nouvelles archives de l'art francais. He contributed articles on a wide range of topics to dozens of scholarly journals, including the Gazette des beaux-arts and the Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires.

Edmund Hildebrandt’s parents were Franz Hildebrandt, a prosperous Jewish merchant turned Christian, and Theone Wolkoff (Hildebrandt).  After graduating with his abitur in 1891 from the Berlin Fridericianum gymnasium he spent some time away from the classroom (assisting his father’s business?) before electing to student philology and art history in college.  Hildebrandt heard lectures in Berlin by the art historian  Karl Frey, the literary historian Erich Schmidt (1853-1913), the classical philologist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (1848 -1931) and the art historian

Scholar of eighteenth-century English furniture and decorative arts. Jourdain was the daughter of an impoverished cleric, Reverend Francis Jourdain of Ashburne, Derbyshire. She and her sister, Eleanor, were required to be independent and on their own early in life. Eleanor became principal of a girl's school and then St. Hugh's College, Oxford. Margaret supported herself throughout her life by writing on art. In 1908, Jourdain came to the rescue of a former pupil of her sister's boarding school, Joan Evans.

He was born in Prague, Austrian Empire, which is present-day Prague, Czech Republic. His collection of fourteen Italian eighteenth-century paintings was donated to the Gemäldegalerie der Bildenden Künste in Vienna in 1922.

Enlightenment dramatist, critic and art writer; author of one of the most important 18th-century analysis of a Greek sculpture. Born in Kamenz, or Camenz, Upper Lusatia, Saxony, Germany Lessing's father was a Lutheran clergy who educated his son personally during his early years. After Latin school in Kamenz, Lessing entered the school at St. Afra at Meissen at age twelve. He attended the University of Leipzig from 1746 to 1748 studying theology and the lectures in philology, archaeology and art of Johann Friedrich Christ and Johann August Ernesti (1707-1781).

Director of the National Gallery, London, 1973-1986; historian of 17th and 18th century art. Levey was born to devout Catholic parents, the Irishman O. L. H. Levey, a civil servant at the Air Ministry, and Britisher Gladys Mary Milestone (Levey). He attended a succession of Catholic boarding schools most notably the Oratory in Reading, where he demonstrated a strong religious faith. Levey was drafted into the Army in World War II, stationed initially in Egypt, rising to captain in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, 1945-1948.

art historian of the 18th century

Writer on art and literature. Paget's mother, Matilda Paget (1815-1896), came from a West-Indies fortune. Paget's father, Henry Ferguson Paget (1820-1894), was reputedly the son of a French émigré noble, who met Matilda (then Matilda Adams), a widow, when he was a tutor for her son Eugene in Paris. Violet was their only child together. Because of her family's frequent moves in Europe, Violet learned continental languages fluently. Her half-brother, now Oxford educated and in the Foreign Office in Paris, continued to tutor her French and writing skills.

Leader of the French Académie under Napoleon; theorist and historian of 18^th century French art; artistic biographer. Quatremère initially studied law before taking courses in art and history at the Collège de Louis-le-Grand. He also trained as a sculptor by Guillaume Coustou and Pierre Julien. After visiting Naples with Jacques-Louis David, and later Rome, Quatremère became interested in Classical Greek sculpture and architecture.

Scholar and catalogues raisonnés compiler; dealer of eighteenth-century French art; director of the Galerie Cailleux from 1982-1996. Roland Michel was a student of André Chastel who received her master’s degree at the Sorbonne in 1959 with a thesis on the still life and genre painter Anne Vallayer-Coster (1744-1818). This artist served as the subject of Roland Michel’s first article that appeared in Burlington Magazine in 1960, and of the later monograph, Anne Vallayer-Coster (1970).

Historian of Spanish painting from the 17th-19th centuries and museum director. Salas began studying art history at the Universidad de Barcelona, and later studied in Vienna and Berlin. He was appointed Professor of Art History at the Universidad Compultense de Madrid, and attended the salons of the Academia Breve de Critica de Arte in 1946-7, organized by Eugene d'Ors. In 1947, Salas moved to London, and wrote for the magazine Goya about museum collections. He completed monographs on Vel'squez and Goya, and published articles in several Spanish journals.

British art historian, curator, and independent scholar, Goya and Manet specialist. Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford.1994-1995.  Co-authored Goya monography with Pierre Gassier.