Architect who worked on the Pergamon excavation (1879-1881), and determined the original architectural form of the Pergamon altar.

Leading Venetian writer on art in the seventeenth century; wrote a patriotic and polemical defense of Venetian painting, La carta del navegar pittoresco, (The Map of Painting's Journey), 1660). Le ricche miniere della pittura veneziana, 1674, (The Rich Mines of Venetian Painting). Boschini writing, like Ridolfi's, countered Vasari's claims that Florence was the birthplace of Renaissance art. However, Boschini's books were more orderly and well-thought-out than Ridolfi's.

Documentary architectural historian of the middle east. Butler was born to Edward Marchant Butler and Helen Belden Crosby (Butler). He was educated privately at the Lyons Collegiate Institute and the Berkeley School in New York, which allowed him to enter Princeton University as a sophomore, class of 1892.

Director of antique sculpture at Berlin Museum 1877-1887; brought Pergamon altar to Berlin. Conze was the son of a cavalry officer. He initially studied law at the university in Göttingen before changing to classics. His dissertation was written under Eduard Gerhard in Berlin in 1855. Conze made trips to Paris and London and was particularly inspired by the Elgin Marbles. He was appointed Professor (Extraordinarius) at University of Halle in 1863, moving to the University of Vienna in 1869 (through 1877).

Scottish architectural historian, active in India. Fergusson was born in the town of Ayr, on the west coast of Scotland. James was the second son of Dr. William Fergusson, who served as the Inspector General of Military Hospitals — a role which required much overseas travel. James received his early education at the Royal High School in Edinburgh and, later, in Hounslow, outside London. In 1829 he travelled to Bengal, India, where his older brother lived, before moving to Calcutta where he earned his fortune working as an indigo merchant.

Specialist in Cretan and Mycenean art. Karo studied archaeology at the University in Bonn, writing his dissertation under Georg Loeschcke. Professor of Archaeology at Halle, 1920-1930. Director of Deutsche Archäologische Institut in Athens, 1912-1916, 1930-1936.

Specialist in the iconography of Near Eastern illuminated manuscripts and wall painting. At age seventeen, Leroy became a monk with the Benedictines of Solemnes, who at that moment were in exile on the Island of Wight (United Kingdom) and returned to Solemnes in 1922. Between 1930 and 1933 he studied at the Pontificio Istituto Biblico in Rome, where he graduated in biblical studies. In 1934 he left the monastery and settled as a priest in Paris. The next twenty years he held several teaching positions, and he continued doing research.

Director of the National Gallery, London, 1973-1986; historian of 17th and 18th century art. Levey was born to devout Catholic parents, the Irishman O. L. H. Levey, a civil servant at the Air Ministry, and Britisher Gladys Mary Milestone (Levey). He attended a succession of Catholic boarding schools most notably the Oratory in Reading, where he demonstrated a strong religious faith. Levey was drafted into the Army in World War II, stationed initially in Egypt, rising to captain in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, 1945-1948.

Archaeologist and historian of classical and ancient Spanish art. Alinari came from a prominent Spanish family, receiving most of his education in Madrid. He was hired as an assistant in the archives department of Madrid's Museo Arqueologico. After being appointed head of the department in 1884, Alinari began cataloguing objects in preparation for the construction of a room in the museum dedicated to the display of ancient Spanish art. As an expert in antiquities, his knowledge and scholarship were in high demand.

Specialist in prehistoric and ancient Greek and Roman art, particularly Greek funerary sculpture. Scientific assistant to E. Buschor in Athens, 1921-1928. Curator at the State museum in Kassel, 1928-1943. Professor at the University of Würzburg, 1943-196?). From 1946 until his death, Möbius worked on the comprehensive corpus of east grecian funerary sculpture (continuing the work of Ernst Pfuhl).

studied in Vienna with Max Dvořák and Julius Alwin von Schlosser; in Rome with Vasari; superintendant of Milan and Genoa; left civil service to pursue work on Venetian art from 1949

Historian of Venetian architecture, painting, and drawing. A student of Giuseppe Fiocco, Muraro received his degree from the University of Padua in 1937, and later studied at the Scuola Archaeological Italiana in Athens, and the Scuola e Filologica delle Venezie. At the end of World War II, Murano dedicated himself to the preservation of Venetian architecture, organizing exhibitions that highlighted the Renaissance villas in the Veneto.

Scholar of art of the Venetian Renaissance; wroteTintoretto catalogue raisonné. Pallucchini's father was a civil engineer who moved his family to Venice in 1925. The younger Pallucchini was introduced to Venetian art by Maria Ciartoso Lorenzetti, whose husband, Giulio Lorenzetti (1886-1951), was writing the famous guidebook on the city. He graduated from college in 1931 from the University of Padua, writing his senior thesis on Giambattista Piazzetta and his school under Giuseppe Fiocco, a pioneer of art history in the Veneto area.

Specialist in ancient architecture of the Near East. Student of Robert Koldewey. Professor of the History of Architecture at the Technical University of Dresden, 1920-1945. Professor at the Technical University of Karlsruhe, 1949-1950.

Collector and archaeologist of middle eastern art. After meeting Carl Humann, Sarre traveled to Anatolia to study its medieval monuments. In 1895 and 1896, he visited Phyrigia, Lycaonia, and Pisidia. Sarre discovered several architectural monuments in the area, where he collected epigraphic material. His work interested Arabists such as Bernhard Moritz (1859-1939), Eugen Mittwoch (1876-1942), and Max van Berchem (q.v.).

Amateur archaeologist whose finds were important for art history and archaeology; excavator of Mycenae and Troy. Schliemann was the son of a Protestant minister accused of embezzlement when Schliemann was a boy. Between 1836-41 Schliemann worked as a grocery clerk. His attempt to seek his fortune in the United States ended in shipwreck in Amsterdam. There merchant bankers B. H. Schröder & Co took him on for his aptitude of languages and business drive. After studying Russian and Dutch, the firm sent him to St.

Specialist in ancient Greek and Roman art, particularly provincial Roman artifacts and relief sculptures of Pergamon. Lecturer (1921-1927) and a.o. Professor (1927-1935) at the University of Vienna, Professor at the University of Graz (1935-1945).

Specialist in ancient Greek and prehistoric art, particularly sculpture and art of the Parthenon period (fifth century B.C.). Professor of Art History at the University of Giessen (1934-1936) and the University of Freiburg i.B. (1936-1968). Wrote his dissertation and promotionsschrift on the Parthenon friezes.

Journalist and art writer. Authored report to Metropolitan Museum of Art on the accusations of the Cesnola Collection of Cyprian art.

"Vienna School"-trained historian of Venetian art; author of a major "principles of art history" monograph and developer of Baroque Museum, Vienna. Tietze was the son of a Czech lawyer, Siegfried Tietze (d. 1920), and Auguste Pohl. The family name had originally been Taussig. He attended the Gymnasium Altstadt in Prague. His father converted the family from Judaism to protestant Christianity in 1893 moving the family to Vienna. Tietze graduated from the Schottengymnasium there in 1898. Anxious to be seen as fully Austrian, he volunteered for a year's service in the Austrian army 1899-1900.

Architectural historian and archaeologist of middle eastern churches. Vogüé stemmed from the ancient aristocratic family of the Vivarais, long settled on the banks of the Ardèche river. His father was Léonce de Vogüé (1805-1877), a French bureaucrat, and his mother Henriette de Machault d'Arnouville (1808-1864). His ancestors had been participants in the Third Crusade. His initial interest was in science and he early trained in mathematics. He mastered Greek, Latin, Phoenician, Syriac and Hebrew. As a young man he worked in the diplomatic service in Petrograd, Russia in 1850.

Specialist in ancient Greek art and sculpture, and active archaeologist in Asia Minor, particularly at the Pergamon site. Wiegand excavated sites in Asia Minor with Hubert Knackfuss. Director of the antiquity section of the Prussian Museum in Berlin, 1911-1931. His students include Gerda Bruns.

Founder of the Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Wilkinson began as an assistant (copyist) to Albert M. Lythgoe in his Egyptian excavations for the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Historian of Venetian painting. Zanetti began as a draftsman and artist, collaborating with his cousin, also called Anton Maria Zanetti, in illustrations for books. In 1733 he adapted Marco Boschini pictorial analysis of Venitian painting, Le ricche minere della pittura veneziana, (1674) into a new critical work, his Descrizione di tutte le pubbliche pitture della città di Venezia e isole circonvicine.