Leader of modern museum conservation practices; historian of Italian art. Brandi graduated in with a law degree from the University of Siena in 1927, but his interests had moved to art so much that he wrote a thesis the following year at the University of Florence on the artists Rutilio Manetti, Francesco Vanni, and Ventura Salimbeni. In 1930 he was assigned to the Administration of Antiquities and the Fine Arts to assist the Inspector (Soprintendenza) of Monuments and Galleries of Siena.

Director of the Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage, in Brussels. Coremans studied at the Free University of Brussels (Faculty of Sciences). In 1932, he obtained his doctorate in analytical chemistry with a dissertation: Sur le déplacement des électrolytes adsorbés.

Art historian and art conservator during World War II. Noemi Gabrielli was born in Pinerolo, Italy.

Byzantinist and mosaics conservator. Hawkins received no formal training in art history. He apprenticed as a sculptor to the architectural carver Lawrence A. Turner from 1922 until 1927. As a sculptor he worked in a neo-Romanesque style, producing work for Westminster Cathedral (the staircase to the pulpit, added at the time of remodeling in 1934) and the screen to St. Patrick's Chapel. He married Hilda Routen in 1930.

Professor of History of Architecture at Delft University of Technology; active at the Netherlands Department for the Conservation of Historic Buildings and Sites. Ter Kuile attended the Gymnasium in Deventer. In 1920 and 1921 he studied architecture, decorative arts, and arts and crafts in Haarlem. In 1922, he became a law student at Leiden University. After one year, he switched to history of art and archaeology, in which field he graduated in 1927.

Architectural historian; leading expert in conservation; advisor to the European Union, the Council of Europe, and UNESCO; professor of the history of architecture at the Catholic University of Louvain. Lemaire's father, Herman Lemaire (1883-1947) was an architect. In 1942 Lemaire graduated in history, art history, and archaeology at the Catholic University of Louvain where his uncle, Professor Raymond A. G. Lemaire (1878-1954), taught in the field of architecture and conservation.

Art historian and conservation scholar.  Marijnissen was born in Ghent but at an early age lost the sight in his right eye from a serious ulcer.  Despite this, Marijnissen studied art history and in 1948 wrote a dissertation on the Patronage of Philip II under Paul Coremans. However the technical aspects of art, rather than archival research, caught his attention.   Cormans teaching led Marijnissen to join the initiative to restore L'Agneau Mystique (The Lamb of God) and issue a publication on it.

First director of the department of Conservation of Monuments, Netherlands.

Critic, conservator, and historian of Italian renaissance and baroque architecture. Pane befriended several prominent philosophers and art historians of his era, including Benedetto Croce and Bernard Berenson. Pane studied at the University of Rome under Gustavo Giovannoni, teaching renaissance and baroque architecture in Naples in the 1930's. During this time he focused study on Renaissance and Baroque architecture and artistic historiography.

art historian Prague, Göttingen; 1919-38 Basel professor and conservator

Professor of History of Architecture at Delft University of Technology; active at the Netherlands Department for the Conservation of Historic Buildings and Sites. Ter Kuile attended the Gymnasium in Deventer. In 1920 and 1921 he studied architecture, decorative arts, and arts and crafts in Haarlem. In 1922, he became a law student at Leiden University. After one year, he switched to history of art and archaeology, in which field he graduated in 1927.

Director of the Louvre Museum and conservateur des peintures. In 1850, Otto Mündler published an essay on old Master paintings in the Louvre criticizing of the Louvre's administrative policies and particularly the research of Villot, pointing out the errors in Villot's 1849 catalog.

Historian and archaeologist of Russian art, conservator and museum director. A student of Timofey Granovsky at the Moscow University, Zabelin's early years were spent in the Kremlin Armory (1837-59). Here he wrote his early monograph on metalwork (1853). In 1859 he joined the St. Petersburg Archaeological Commission, serving until 1876. Between 1879-1888 he was Chair of the Society of Russian History and Antiquity, Moscow University. During that period, he also accepted the position of director of the History Museum (in Moscow) 1883-1908.