Byzantine iconographic scholar, pupil of N. P. Kondakov. Ainalov weighed in with the important Byzantinists Josef Rudolf Thomas Strzygowski and Charles Rufus Morey in contending that early Christian stylistic forms were drawn from western Asian sources and not principally Rome.

His book, L'art byzantin (1883) was one of the early required texts to be listed in the course catalog for the art history classes of Princeton University. Notes about Bayet's opinions on Giotto appear in Richard Offner's annotated catalog of the 1937 Mostra Giottesca.

Byzantinist and curator in the Department of Architecture and Sculpture at the Victoria and Albert Museum 1948-1979. At age two Beckwith's mother died and his father, John Frederick Beckwith, abandoned him. His father lived anonymously in London's East end only discovered by Beckwith in his father's final years. Beckwith was raised by his paternal grandmother in Whitby, North Yorkshire, until she died in Beckwith's teens. Since Beckwith was Roman Catholic, he qualified for and was awarded a scholarship at Ampleforth College, a private Catholic boarding school also in Yorkshire.

Museum curator, authority on early Christian, Byzantian, Islamic and early Nordic art and textiles. Berliner's parents were Theodor Berliner, a protestant from Jewish extraction, who owned a factory, and Philippine Wollner (Berliner). Beginning in 1904, Berliner studied art history in Berlin, Heidelberg and Vienna under Max Dvořák, earning his doctorate in 1910 with a dissertation on the dating of a Greek manuscript miniature painting.

Byzantine and Russian art specialist, later historian of 19th- and 20th-century painting (U.S. career). Born was born in Breslau, Silesia, Prussia, which is present-day Wroclaw, Poland. Born's parents were Gustav Born (1850-1900), a professor of anatomy and embryology at the University in Breslau, and Berthe Lipstein (Born). Born served in World War I in the sanitary corps. After the war he married Susi Bial in 1918 studying studio art at schools between 1919-1923 in Munich and under Édouard Vuillard in Paris.

Medievalist focusing n Byzantine and Romanesque sculpture. Method similar to Jurgis Baltrušaitis II; strong iconography; professor at l'Université de Clermont

Courtauld Institute Byzantinist. Cormack entered the Courtauld initially to study empirical positivism in art history. He studied with Anthony Blunt, Johannes Wilde, John Kinder Gowran Shearman, George Zarnecki, Peter Kidson, and Christopher Hohler, and, at the Warburg Institute, Hugo Buchthal. His dissertation was written under Cyril A. Mango.

University of Vienna Byzantinist and San Marco scholar. Demus's father, Carl Demus, was a physician. His father was killed early during the First World War and the younger Demus partially supported of his family as an adolescent. He entered the University of Vienna in 1921 during the time of the historic (and bitter) split between the faculty of Josef Rudolf Thomas Strzygowski, and Julius Alwin von Schlosser. The rivalry between these two men was such that studying with both was impossible.

Byzantinist and archaeologist; founder of French academic byzantinologie. Diehl's father was Frédéric Geoffroy Diehl (1804-1868), a professor of German at the lycée in Strasbourg. The younger Diehl studied at the lycées of Strasbourg and Nancy, graduated from the Louis-le-Grand lycée. He received further degrees from the École normale supérieure in 1878, licencié in 1879, and the agrégé d'histoire in 1881. He spent the following years first in Rome as a member of the École Française de Rome, 1881-1882 and then in Athens, a member of the École Française d'Athènes, 1883-1885.

Byzantinist, Josef Rudolf Thomas Strzygowski student and professor at Bryn Mawr College, 1939-1943. 1919 Lecturer, University of Vienna; 1926-1939 professor at Bryn Mawr; 1939-1943 returned to Vienna; Associate Professor, 1943-1949 first professor of art history in Ankara. Together with Curt Glaser and Ernst Grosse, Diez established the theoretic foundation for Asian art in the German-speaking world (Metzler).

Specialist in medieval Italian and Byzantine art. Dobbert's father was medical doctor assigned to imperial Russia, James Dobbbert. The younger Dobbert was raised in St. Petersburg. Dobbert entered at the University of Tartu, in Estonian Russia in 1857, but the following year he moved to Jena, studying history under Johann Gustav Droysen (1808-1884) and philosophy under Kuno Fischer (1824-1907).

Writer, Byzantinist and Matisse scholar. Duthuit's father was a Parisian architect and his mother from landowning family in Auvergne. Both parents succumbed to tuberculosis when Duthuit was twelve and he was sent to live with an indifferent and brutally strict uncle. He learned to live by his wits, developing an engaging personality. As a school he discovered the art of Matisse in the Salon des Indépendents of 1907.

Architectural historian and Byzantinist. Forsyth's father was George H. Forsyth and his mother Sarah Brockunier (Forsyth). He attended Princeton University, graduating in 1923. After than, Forsyth secured a Mediaeval Academy fellowship for the 1924-1925 year which earned him a master's degree of fine arts at Princeton under Charles Rufus Morey in 1927. Forsyth married Eleanor Marquand (1897-1988) the same year, the daughter of Princeton's Department of Art and Archaeology's founder, Allan Marquand.

Princeton University Byzantinist and early administrator of Dumbarton Oaks. Friend entered Princeton University in 1911, received his B. A. in 1915 and continued his graduate work in the Department of Art and Archaeology with Allan Marquand as chair. It was with medievalist Charles Rufus Morey that Friend did most of his graduate work. During World War I he served with the American Expeditionary Force in France in 1918. After his return he joined the Princeton Department in 1921, remaining on the faculty the rest of his life.

Byzantinist art historian. Galavaris studied at the University of Athens. He received his Ph.D. from the department of art and archaeology at Princeton University in 1958, writing a thesis on Byzantine liturgical illustration under Kurt Weitzmann. He joined the faculty of McGill University, Montreal. In 1990 in collaboration with Weitzmann, he co-published the reseach collected on the Monastery of St. Catherine's at Mount Sinai, Egypt, The Illuminated Manuscripts. He retired in 1994. Galavaris' area was Byzantine manuscript illuminations.

Professor of Art at the College of Wooster, feminist and Byzantine art historian, and former director of the college’s museum. Thalia Gouma-Peterson was born in Athens, Greece in November, 1933 to Sophia Bitzanis and Lambros Groumas. She attended Arsakeion, Athens and Pierce College, Helleniko for her elementary and secondary education, respectively. She received her junior college diploma from Pierce College in 1952. Following this, Gouma-Peterson came to the United States as a Fullbright scholar. She attended Mills College from 1952 to 1957, receiving both her B.A. and M.A.

Archaeologist and historian of medieval and Byzantine art at the Collège de France. Grabar graduated from the lycée in Kiev in 1914, entering the University of St. Vladimir. He enrolled in the school of classical studies, which at that time included art history. In 1915 he moved to the university in Petrograd, studying under N. P. Kondakov, Dmitrii Vlas'evich Ainalov III and Iakov Ivanovich Smirnov until the Bolshevik revolution in 1917.

Medievalist art historian; influential in French Romanesque studies and stained glass. Grodecki was raised in a Polish-speaking family in Russian-controlled Poland. When he was eighteen, he left to study stagecraft under Emil Preetorius (1883-1973) in Berlin. Later he moved to Paris, enrolling at the école du Louvre. His teacher, Charles Mauricheau-Beaupré advised him to take courses by Henri Focillon at the Sorbonne and Collège de France.

Scholar of Byzantium and manuscript collector; principal author of the first serious monograph ever on the frescoes in Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome (1911). Grüneisen was the son of an apothecary from a Baltic-German family living in Russia. He grew up in St. Petersburg, attending the St. Petri school between 1881-1890. He attended the university in St. Petersburg and then the Imperial Architectural Institute, eventually teaching there was well.

Byzantinist and mosaics conservator. Hawkins received no formal training in art history. He apprenticed as a sculptor to the architectural carver Lawrence A. Turner from 1922 until 1927. As a sculptor he worked in a neo-Romanesque style, producing work for Westminster Cathedral (the staircase to the pulpit, added at the time of remodeling in 1934) and the screen to St. Patrick's Chapel. He married Hilda Routen in 1930.

Medievalist of the early Christian/Byzantine era. Married to the art museum director Heribert Hutter.

Influential Harvard Byzantinist and medievalist art historian. Kitzinger's father, Wilhelm Nathan Kitzinger (1870-1945) was a Munich lawyer and his mother Elisabeth Rahel Merzbacher (1881-1966), a woman devoted to social causes connected with Judaism. Kitzinger's cousin, Richard Krautheimer would also become a distinguished medievalist in Europe and the United States. Kitzinger attended the Max-Gymnasium in Munich, graduating in 1931.

Byzantinist art history professor, historiographer of art. Kleinbauer studied under economics at the University of California, Kleinbauer was the son and namesake of Walter Eugene Kleinbauer and Bernice Barnett (Kleinbauer). After attending secondary school he recieved his bachelor's degree at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1959. He continued at Berkeley, now in art history, writing a master's thesis under Walter W. Horn in 1962.

Byzantinist art historian and founder of modern art method for Byzantine studies primarily through iconography. Kondakov attended Moscow University under Fedor Ivanovich Buslayev (1818-1897) between 1861 and 1865. He taught at the University of Odessa (1870-1888) spending summers traveling and researching Byzantine art. His first book, published in 1877 on Greek manuscript illumination, employed his characteristic approach to Byzantine art of envisioning a stylistic evolution through mapped on an artistic ideal. In 1888 Kondakov moved to St. Petersburg to teach at the university there.

Byzantinist and baroque scholar, architectural historian; Director of Institute of Fine Art, New York University. Krautheimer was the son of Nathan Krautheimer (1854-1910) and Martha Landman (Krautheimer) (1875-1967). His cousin was Ernst Kitzinger who also became an eminent medievalist art historian. As a young man, Krautheimer enlisted in the (German) army in the First World War and saw serious war service (1916-1918).