First Watson Gordon chair of fine art at Edinburgh University (first chair of fine arts in the British Isles) 1880-1930; early monuments preservationist. Brown's father was a minister, James Baldwin Brown (1820-1884) and his mother, Elizabeth Leifchild (Brown). His uncle was the sculptor Henry Leifchild (1823-1884). After attending Uppingham School, he earned a scholarship to Oriel College, Oxford, in 1869. He graduated with a degrees in classics in 1871 and literae humaniores (humanities) in 1873.

Italian archaeologist, monuments conservator, and authority on Etruscan vase painting. Fèa received a degree in law from the University of Rome (the Sapienza). He took priestly orders, and after a successful, brief career as a lawyer, he edited an edition of Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Storia della Arti (1783) adding a personal essay "Dissertation on the Ruins of Rome" (Sulle rovine di Roma). He worked as the librarian of the Biblioteca Chigiana.

Medieval archaeologist who helped establish a chronology for Romanesque monuments in France. His students at the école des Chartes included Camille Enlart and Marcel Aubert.

Medieval archaeologist who helped establish a chronology for Romanesque monuments in France. Chair of Medieval Archaeology at the École Nationale des Chartes. In 1924 he was succeeded a as chair at the École by Marcel Aubert. Lefèvre-Pontalis was an exponent of the archaeological approach to medieval study, which contrasted the more theoretic approach of the Germans.

First director of the department of Conservation of Monuments, Netherlands.

Museum director and historian of artistic monuments in Lucca. Ridolfi was the son of Michele Ridolfi, a painter and historian of the art of Lucca. Enrico Ridolfi was also trained as a painter, joining the Accademia di Lucca in 1863. Ridolfi focused on the archives, monuments, and artistic partimony in Lucca. He served as secretary of the Commissione di Conservazione dei Monumenti from 1860-71. In 1877, Ridolfi organized the city of Lucca's first exhibition of historic works. He relocated to Florence, becoming the vice-director, and later the director of the city's art galleries.

Art historian and first inspector of historical monuments (Inspecteurs Généraux des Monuments Historiques) in France. Vitet published a study of the provincial artist Le Sueur in 1841 (later included in his Études sur l'histoire de l'art in 1864. Vitet wrote that the founding of the Royal Academy in 1648--and really School of Fontainebleau, dominated by Italian artists of the maniera working for Francis I--had destroyed provincial schools of art and painting which were a hallmark to the history of French art.