Professor of aesthetics and art history (1923-1946) at Nijmegen University. Brom was named after his father, Gerard Bartholomeus Brom, a blacksmith of liturgical objects, who had died before Brom jr. was born. His elder brother, Jan Hendrik, took over his father's firm. Brom, who was raised in a Catholic family, attended the Gymnasium of the Bisschoppelijk College in Roermond. After graduation he began medical studies in 1899 at Utrecht University, but a year later switched to Dutch language and literature.

Director of the Dutch Institute for Art History in Florence; Professor of Art History and Iconology at Utrecht University. Emmens attended the Marnix Gymnasium in Rotterdam. Between 1947 and 1955, he studied art history at Utrecht University where J. G. van Gelder was among his major influences. As a student, he wrote a thesis, Apelles en Apollo, about Dutch poems on seventeenth-century paintings. He became the research assistant for William S.

Director of the Municipal Museum The Hague, 1948-1950. Hefting attended the Gymnasium in Utrecht. Being in poor health, she left this school prematurely for a cure in Switzerland. She returned to the Netherlands to attend a school for social work in Amsterdam, but when she graduated at age 21, she still was too young for being employed in this sector. She was appointed assistant librarian at the Institute for Art History at Utrecht University. At the invitation of Professor Willem Vogelsang, she began to attend his classes.

First director of the Amsterdam Rijksprentenkabinet; connoisseur of prints. In the footsteps of his father and grandfather, die-cutters at the National Mint in Utrecht, Van der Kellen joined the Mint as an apprentice at the age of fifteen, and worked there until 1876. In this period, he began collecting prints on a large scale. In 1859, Christiaan Kramm (1797-1875) listed him in his biography of artists and described his collection of 6,000 prints, including 4,500 prints of Jan and Casper Luyken.

Writer of a dictionary of Dutch and Flemish artists, architects and painters. Kramm was the son of a cloth-merchant. At age 13, he was apprenticed to the silversmith, N. van Voorst, in Utrecht. In 1815 he joined the studio of the painter Pieter Christoffel Wonder (1780-1852). Kramm soon became a private teacher in drawing. In 1920 he found employment in the new theater of Utrecht as decorator. Here he developed his skill in architectural design. In 1826 he was appointed director of the architecture department of the municipal schools of Design and Architecture in Utrecht.

Director Nederlands Instituut in Rome (1980-1987); director Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum in The Hague (1987-1991). Offerhaus grew up in a prominent family in Groningen, in which city he attended the Gymnasium. While he served in the Netherlands Marine Corps, between 1950 and 1953, he met the Italian archeologist Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli, who instilled in him a fascination for the Italian culture. After his military service, Offerhaus enrolled at Groningen University to study art history under Henk Schulte Nordholt.

Professor of Architecture at Utrecht University. Ozinga was the son of a minister. He attended the Gymnasium at Schiedam and studied Law and history at Leiden University, 1920-24. He decided to specialize in History of Art, particularly Architectural history. At Leiden, under Wilhelm Martin he completed his dissertation in 1929 on the subject of Protestant churches: Protestantsche kerken hier te lande gesticht, 1596-1793.

Art critic; deputy director Department of painting at the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum; early Van Gogh promoter. Steenhoff was the son of Wouter Steenhoff, a blacksmith, and Agatha van Dijk. At age fourteen, the young Steenhoff became an employee at a cigar factory in his hometown Utrecht. He preferred painting and drawing to factory work. In the 1880s he enrolled at the Amsterdam Academy, on the advice of David van der Kellen, the director of the Nederlandsch Museum voor Geschiedenis en Kunst (1883-1895).

Professor of Art History at Utrecht University. Jan Gerrit van Gelder was the son of H. E. Van Gelder, archivist of The Hague. He attended the Hague Gymnasium and between 1923 and 1927 he studied art history at the University of Utrecht. Early in 1924 he was appointed to Rotterdam's Boymans Museum. As keeper in the Print Room he acquired a great acumen for drawings and prints. In 1933 he received his doctorate with a dissertation on Jan van de Velde: Jan van de Velde, 1593-1641, teekenaar-schilder.

First professor of art history in the Netherlands, founder, Utrecht Institute for Art History. Vogelsang grew up in Leiden, Freiburg and Delft, where he attended the Gymnasium. Because no Dutch university included art history as a subject, he studied art history in Freiburg, Vienna, and Paris, finally writing his dissertation in Munich. His1898 thesis was on Dutch miniatures of the late middle ages. His privaatdocent appointment came in 1900 at the University of Amsterdam.