The van Gogh scholar J.-B. de la Faille studied under Bremmer. Independent art educator and adviser; van Gogh and Dutch artists scholar. Bremmer received his primary education at a boarding school in Roermond and attended high school in Leiden, where his parents owned a hotel (Hotel Rijnland). He also took classes with the painter D. L. Kooreman. In 1889 he left school and enrolled at the Teeken- en Schilderacademie (Academy for Drawing and Painting) in The Hague. He quit after one year and together with some friends he rented a studio in Leiden.

Art historian, art collector, expert and connoisseur; specialized in Dutch seventeenth-century painting. After finishing his Gymnasium education in Coburg, Germany, Hofstede de Groot briefly studied Art History in Leipzig. The death his father, a professor in Groningen, forced Hofstede de Groot to return to Groningen, where he altered his studies to Classics. Later he transferred to Leiden, where he obtained his bachelor's degree.

Director of the Rijksbureau voor de Monumentenzorg. Kalf attended the Gymnasium in Amsterdam. Already in his high school period he wrote critical articles on art. Inspired by his father, Martinus Kalf (1847-1898), the editor of the Algemeen Handelsblad, he was interested in literature, including plays, architecture, and arts and crafts. Between 1892 and 1896, Kalf studied Dutch literature and art history at the University of Amsterdam. He frequently published in various periodicals, often displaying a polemic attitude to the cultural and religious climate of his day.

Museum curator; art critic. Knuttel was the son of Willem Knuttel (1854-1921), who was a librarian at the Royal Library in The Hague. His mother, Elize Fabius, was a writer. Knuttel attended the Gymnasium in The Hague and from 1909 to 1913 he took painting classes at the Hague Academy. In 1914 he was appointed an assistant at the Rotterdam Museum Boymans, a position he held for one year. He then decided to study art history. In Germany he enrolled at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg.

Historian of the art of the [former] Dutch East Indies region. Jeanne Haaxman received her earliest art education from her father, Pieter Anne Haaxman, who was a journalist and art critic. Her mother was Janetta Maria Wijnkamp. After her graduation from high school, in 1899, she studied drawing and art history at the Academy in The Hague, where she earned her degree as secondary school teacher. In 1902 she was appointed an anatomical illustrator at the Anatomisch Laboratorium of Leiden University, where she in addition attended art history classes.

Director of the Department of Sculpture and Applied Arts, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (to 1963); professor of the history of applied arts at Leiden University (1964-1981). He entered the Museum in 1943 where he carried out the reinstallation of the collection in the department of sculpture and applied arts, following the post war renovation. This campaign for the Rijksmuseum under director-in-chief David Cornelis Röell, was completed in 1952.

Writer on nineteenth-century Dutch painting; painter and art critic. As a young girl, Marius learned painting and drawing with Jan Striening (1827-1903) in Deventer. Around 1880, she became a pupil of August Allebé (1838-1927) at the Amsterdam Academy of Fine Arts. In 1883, she settled in The Hague as a painter. Her works, drawings, watercolors, and paintings, mostly kept in private collections, are not widely known. Letters written by the painter Jan Toorop (1858-1928) to Marius reveal some information on her work.

Art historian, iconographer, and connoisseur; wrote early survey of Italian art. Van Marle studied in Paris at the école des Chartes and the école Pratique des Hautes études. In 1910, he took his degree of Docteur-ès-Lettres at the Sorbonne. His earliest writings are on Dutch medieval history. In 1908, he published Le Comté de Hollande sous Philippe le Bon (The County of Holland under Philippe le Bon), and in 1910 followed Hoorn au Moyen âge.

Dutch seventeenth-century painting specialist; first extraordinarius professor of Art History at Leiden University; Museum Director. Martin grew up in Leiden where his father was professor at the city's university. Attending the University himself, Martin studied Dutch language and literature between 1894 and 1899. He had a special interest in Dutch seventeenth- century painting. He obtained a doctorate in 1901, writing on on the painter Gerard Dou, the Baroque Leiden artist: Het leven en de werken van Gerrit Dou beschouwd in verband met het schildersleven van zijn tijd.

Professor of Early Christian Art and Coptic Art, Catholic Priest. After his ordination, in 1958, Van Moorsel served for a short period as a priest in the parish of Roelofarendsveen, near Leiden. He then decided to attend the lectures of Henri Van de Waal, Professor of Art History at Leiden University. One year later he went to Rome, to study Church History at the Gregorian University.

Director Nederlandsch Museum voor Geschiedenis en Kunst. Pit attended the Gymnasium in The Hague, where the future engraver Philip Zilcken (1857-1930) was among his fellow students. Stimulated by Zilcken, Pit felt attracted to etching. In 1879 he began studying Law at Leiden University, but this turned out not to be the right choice. In 1886, without having finished his study, he went to Paris where he was admitted to the école du Louvre. One of his teachers, mainly on mediaeval art, was Louis-Charles-Léon Courajod.

Scholar of Gauguin and 19th-century art; early interest in art theory. Rookmaaker was the son of Henderik Roelof Rookmaaker (1887-1945) and Theodora Catharina Heitink (1890-1971). Rookmaaker grew up traveling between The Hague and Sumatra, then part of the Dutch East Indies, where his father served as Governor (Resident) until his early retirement in 1936. After he finished high school in Leiden, Rookmaaker attended the Naval College in Den Helder. The Naval College closed at the outbreak of World War II and Rookmaaker became engaged to Riki Spetter (1919-1942) in 1940.

Art dealer; writer of dictionary of Dutch artists. Scheen grew up in The Hague. He attended school until the age of fifteen. He then began working in his father's art business. In 1931 he himself became an art dealer in The Hague. Eager to know who the artists were whose paintings he was involved with, he started collecting biographical data of thousands of Dutch painters and draughts men. In 1946 his first publication in this field appeared: Honderd Jaren Nederlandsche Schilder en Teekenkunst; de Romantiek met voor- en natijd (1750-1850).

Netherlands Historian of architecture, art history professor. Singelenberg grew up in The Hague and in the nearby village of Wassenaar. After graduating from high school (HBS B) he began studying medicine at Leiden University. In 1939, during war mobilization, he was recruited for military service. When he was able to resume his study, Singelenberg switched to art history at Utrecht University, beginning in 1941. He studied under Willem Vogelsang, Louis Grondijs (1878-1961), and later under G. J. Hoogewerff.

Influential head of the Arts and Sciences Department of the Netherlands and historian of Dutch art, consolidator of art museums in the Netherlands. Stuers wrote an inventory catalog of the art in the Maurtishuis in the Hague in 1874. When the first Dutch department dealing with conservation was established in 1875, de Stuers assumed responsibility for the Arts and Sciences Department within the Ministry of Home Affairs, in addition to being secretary of various influential committees which provided the state with advice on proposed restorations.

Archivist and Museum Director. Van Gelder attended the Gymnasium at Amsterdam. Between 1895 and 1899, he studied Law and Political Science at the University of Amsterdam, obtaining his doctorate in 1899. As a young socialist he admired William Morris (1834-1896) whose arts-and-crafts movement fought the tide of mass production. Between 1900 and 1906 van Gelder worked as archivist in Alkmaar, and the same position between 1906 and 1923 in The Hague, where he reorganized the municipal archives.

Artists' biographer; painter. Van Gool was a minor painter of landscapes with cattle. He was trained as a painter with Simon van der Does (1653-1718). At the age of eighteen, he joined the Academy in The Hague where he took life drawing classes. At this institution, he served as a regent for many years. In his sixties, he wrote a collection of artists' biographies, meant as an improvement on and a sequel to De Groote Schouburgh by Arnold Houbraken, who, in his turn, was inspired by the Schilder-boeck of Karel Van Mander.

Dutch lawyer and author; wrote biographies of artists. Vosmaer graduated from law school in Leiden in 1850 and began a law practice in 1853. Throughout his professional career, he wrote novels, cultural essays and biographies of artists. His first foray into art writing came in 1856 when he published a small aesthetics, Een studie over het schoone in de kunst. In 1858 he founded and edited the periodical De tijdstroom ("Time's Steam").

Writer of painters' biographies; painter; playwright; translator; journalist. Weyerman's parents, Hendrick Weyermans (d. 1695) and Elisabeth Sommerel (d. 1723), both served in the military, when their son Jacob was born. They moved to Den Bosch before settling in Breda in 1680. Weyerman spent his first 18 years in Breda, where he visited the so-called "Latin School" and trained as a painter. Among his masters was Ferdinand van Kessel (1648-1702).