Art critic and historian of Italian renaissance. Cartwright was the daughter of Richard Aubrey Cartwright and Mary Fremantle (Cartwright) (d. 1885). She was privately schooled. Her earliest exposure to art may have come from her uncle William Cornwallis Cartwright (d.1915), an art collector, who allowed her early access to his library and gallery at Aynhoe, Northamptonshire. She toured France, Austria, and Italy with her family in 1868.

Classical archaeologist; created the major index of Greek black-figure and red-figure pottery based on artistic styles. Beazley's father was Mark John Murray Beazley (d. 1940), a London interior designer and Mary Catherine Davidson (Beazley) (d. 1918). After attending King Edward VI School, Southampton, he entered Christ's Hospital and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was "much involved" (Boardman) with the poet James Elroy Flecker (1884-1915). Flecker wrote poetry dedicated to Beazley and the two enjoyed an aesthete lifestyle similar to their fellow Oxford student, Oscar Wilde.

Medievalist at the British Museum, principal scholar of the Sutton Hoo find. Bruce-Mitford was born to the writer and geographer/vulcanologist Charles Eustace Bruce-Mitford (1875-1919), and Beatrice Jean (1873-1956). Bruce-Mitford attended Hertford College, Oxford, as a Baring scholar studying history and graduating in 1936. He began work on a second bachelor's degree in literature, studying fourteenth-century English art under the British Museum manuscript historian Robin Flower (1881-1946).

Architectural Historian and Oxford University lecturer. Colvin came from a lowland Scots family, the son of Montagu Colvin, a Vickers Corporation executive and stamp dealer and Anne Winifred Colvin. As a youth, he won scholarships to a number of public schools, but his father selected Trent College, Nottingham, for him for financial reasons. There, he encountered a history master, Mike Morgan, who encouraged Colvin to visit churches instead of participating in athletics. Colvin's first architectural history paper, published in 1938 when only nineteen, was on Dale Abbey, Derbyshire.

Connoisseur of illuminated manuscripts; assistant curator at the Department of Manuscripts of the Royal Library in Brussels. He was born in Herseaux, Belgium. which is present day Herzele. Delaissé attended high school at Tournai, Belgium, and studied Romance Philology at the Catholic University of Louvain. During World War II, when Belgium was under German occupation, Delaissé joined the resistance and later fled to Spain, where he was arrested. He subsequently escaped to England, where he trained in the tank corps for the Belgian Army of Liberation.

Oxford historian of Greek art and numismatics. Gardner was the son of Thomas Gardner, a stockbroker, and Ann Pearse. Gardner graduated from Christ's College Cambridge in 1865, after a unsuccessful attempt working at the stock exchange. He attended the City of London School until fifteen when he left to enter his father's business. Gardner was unsuccessful, however, and entered Christ's College, Cambridge in 1865. Much behind his classmates, he read philosophy on his own, obtaining ranks in classical studies (the classical tripos) and in the moral sciences in 1869.

Islamicist and head of the Oriental department, British Museum, 1945-1969. Gray was the son of Charles Gray, a surgeon in the (British) Royal Army Medical Corps, and Florence Elworthy Cowell. After attending Bradfield College he entered New College, Oxford University, graduating in 1927. The following year he worked at the British Academy excavations of the great palace of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople. He attempted study in Vienna under the singular Vienna-school scholar Josef Rudolf Thomas Strzygowski.

Scholar of art patronage and aesthetic taste; Oxford University professor. Haskell's father was the dance writer Arnold Haskell. Haskell attended Eton and then King's College, Cambridge, where he took a degree in History, studying under Nikolaus Bernard Leon Pevsner. Graduating in 1952 (receiving a "first" in History), he returned to his alma mater (1954) to teach. From 1962-1967 he was also the Librarian of Fine Arts Faculty.

Keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, 1956-1976. Haynes' father was Hugh Lankester Haynes (1878-1956), an Episcopal minister and his mother, Emmeline Marianne Chaldecott (1885-1968). After attending Marlborough College between 1926 and 1932 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, concentrating in classical archaeology and graduating in 1936. He studied Roman provincial archaeology at Bonn before admission to the British School at Rome between 1936 and 1937.

Director of the National Gallery, London, 1946-1967. Hendy was the son of Frederick James Robert Hendy, who would become director of the department of education at Oxford University, and Caroline Isabelle Potts (Hendy). He attended the Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, graduating in 1923 in modern history. That year, with no training in art, he was appointed assistant to the keeper (curator) of the Wallace Collection under Samuel James Camp, and a lecturer. He married Kythé Caroline Ogilvy (b. 1902) in 1925.

Courtauld Institute 19th-century French art scholar. House was born to [Arthur] Humphry House (1908-1955), an Oxford scholar of Dickens and Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Madeline Church (House). House was raised under the stern influence of his Oxford don father until his father died when House was 10. The younger House graduated from Westminster School and entered New College, Oxford, majoring in Classics and achieving a First in the exams there. House married Jill Turner in 1968.

Greek vase painting scholar; and later scholar of Celtic art. Jacobsthal studied at the Universities of Berlin and Göttingen before completing his degree at Bonn, writing his dissertation under Georg Loeschcke in 1906. In 1912 he published his catalog on the vase collection Göttingen, Göttinger Vasen, and was appointed Ordinarius Professor at the University of Marburg, 1912. He remained at Marburg until 1935, increasing the level of the archaeological department and adding a prehistoric studies concentration. With J. D.

Historian of ancient Greek sculpture and architecture and the history of fortifications. Lawrence's older brother was the medieval scholar and popular desert hero T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") (1888-1935), under whose shadow the younger Lawrence remained. Like his brothers, A. W. Lawrence was conceived out of wedlock, a huge stigma at the time. Their parents were Sir Thomas Robert Tighe Chapman (1846-1919) and Sarah Junner (1861-1959) who assumed the names "Thomas Robert Lawrence" and "Sarah Lawrence" to raise their children jointly.

Professor of art history, Bryn Mawr College and Warburg scholar, specialist in Italian Renaissance art and particularly the classical influence on the period.

Architectural historian and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Parker was the son of a London businessman. He attended Manor House School, Chiswick. In 1821 he began business as a bookseller along with his uncle, Joseph Parker. The following year he assumed his uncle's firm. The business grew under his guidance, issuing many books for the University, including the series Oxford Pocket Classics. His first architectural publication, Glossary of Architecture, appeared in 1836.

Literary scholar and author of influential essays on Italian Renaissance art. Pater was the son of Richard Glode Pater (1797?-1842) a surgeon, and Maria Hill (Pater) (1803?-1854). His father died when Pater was two. Pater was tutored privately, later attending Enfield grammar school before his mother died in 1854. He met an important friend, John Rainier McQueen, in 1855. During these years, Pater was deeply influenced by the book Modern Painters by John Ruskin. He entered Queen's College, Oxford, in 1858 studying classics.

Curator and historian of Italian drawings. Pouncy was the son of Reverend George Ernest Pouncey, a banker who had taken clerical vows, Madeline Mary Roberts (Pouncy). He attended Marlborough College and Queens' College, Cambridge. After viewing the 1930 "Italian Art, 1200-1900" exhibition at the Royal Academy in London, he decided to pursue art after college. He graduated in1931 and volunteered at the Fitzwilliam Museum from 1931-1933, making short trips to Italy in between. He was appointed as an assistant keeper in the National Gallery in London in 1934, where he remained until 1939.

Art historian and archaeologist of the classical era. Toynbee was the daughter of Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861-1941) and Sarah Edith Marshall (Toynbee) (1859-1939). Her mother had studied history at Cambridge at at time when women could not be granted degrees there. Jocelyn Toynbee attended Winchester High School for Girls and Newnham College, Cambridge, where she received an M.A., in 1919. She taught classics at Ladies' College, Cheltenham (England) between 1920-1921 and then St. Hugh's College, Oxford as a classical tutor between 1921-1924.

Historian of Roman baroque and English art; director of the National Galleries of Scotland. Waterhouse was the son of P. Leslie Waterhouse, an architect and architectural writer born in Tasmania. He educated at the Marlborough School, where he met fellow student Anthony Blunt, two years younger than he, and New College in Oxford.