Medievalist art historian and professor; wrote on phenomenology. Bernheimer was born into a prominent family of art dealers, Bernheimer of Munich. In the early 20th century, the firm was one of the most important dealerships in precious materials, antiquities, Gobelins and oriental carpets.

Historian of Portuguese art and medical doctor; successor to José de Figueiredo at the Academia de Belas Artes, Lisbon. Santos' parents were Clemente José dos Santos, a physician, and Maria Amelia dos Santos Pinheiro. His grandfather was Clement José dos Santos, Baron Santos Clemente. After secondary school, Santos entered the Medical-Surgical School of Lisbon in 1898, graduating in 1903.

Art History Professor at the Catholic University of Louvain (1985-99); founder of the Centre for the Study of Flemish Illuminators. Smeyers grew up in Louvain, Belgium. Like his father, Andreas Smeyers, who published on historic Louvain and the nearby Vlierbeek Abbey, he was particularly interested in local history. He attended high school at St. Peter's College in Louvain and went on as a history student at the Catholic University in the same city. After his graduation, in 1961, he accepted a position as high school teacher at the College of Our Lady in Boom, to the north of Brussels.