painter; student of Rembrandt; wrote an early account of painters in the Netherlands

Art writer, painter, draughtsman, engraver, book illustrator. At the age of nine, Houbraken became an assistant in the shop of the Dordrecht merchant in twine, Johannes de Haan. His patron, being himself trained in painting by Nicolaes Maes (1634-1693), gave the young boy the opportunity to copy drawings and prints. In 1672, Houbraken began his apprenticeship as a painter, first for a short time as a pupil of the landscape painter Willem van Drielenburch (c. 1625-after 1677). In 673-1674, he spent nine months in the studio of the portraitist Jacobus Levecq (1634-1675).

Writer of a dictionary of Dutch and Flemish artists; art and book dealer; publisher and poet. Immerzeel was the third son of Johannes Immerzeel, a merchant in food, and Elizabet Steenbus. In his youth, Immerzeel studied drawing and painting with Pieter Hofman (1755-1837), but he had to give up this vocation because of his weak eyes. A self-educated man, he spoke several languages and dedicated himself to music and poetry. In 1795, he served as secretary to the court martial of Dordrecht.

Director Centraal Museum Utrecht (1941-1951). De Jonge was born to a noble family. She was the daughter of Willem Adriaan de Jonge and Wilhelmina Naletta van Rappard. Her father died in her early youth. De Jonge attended high school at The Hague, where she had been living since 1894. Between 1904 and 1912, she studied Dutch language and literature at Leiden University. After her graduation she decided to specialize in art history under Willem Vogelsang at Utrecht University, where she became Vogelsang's assistant in 1913.

Self-educated art historian and pioneer of 17th- and 18th-century Dutch art studies. Staring grew up in Dordrecht, where his father headed a printing and publishing firm. In 1909, he became a law student in Leiden. In the following years he also began researching and documenting Dutch art, first in the rather neglected field of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century portrait miniatures. An exhibition of portrait miniatures in Rotterdam in 1910 had aroused his interest in this field. In 1917, after having received his doctor's degree in law, he became a diplomat.

Painter and art critic. In 1880 Veth began studying painting at the Amsterdam Rijksacademie voor Beeldende Kunsten, under August Allebé (1838-1927). After having left the academy, in 1885, he moved to Laren, along with the painter Anton Mauve (1838-1888). In addition to painting, Veth began his career as an art critic. He regularly wrote articles on contemporary artists in De Nieuwe Gids, a periodical founded by a circle of young writers known as the Tachtigers. He also contributed to De Amsterdammer. Weekblad voor Nederland. In 1888 he married Anna Dorothea Dirks.