Art educator and theorist, applied Marxist and psychological approaches to his interpretations of art. Sponsored by Barnes Foundation to study in France. Taught: Antioch College, 1925-27; Acadia University (Canada), 1928-43; Michigan State University, 1943-56.

Art historian of medieval and the early Renaissance art and historiography. Bober was born to Hyman and Fanny Newman (Bober) and raised in Brooklyn, NY. His parents were eastern European Jews who had emigrated to the United States before World War I. In Brooklyn he attended Boy's High School, the public grade school, before entering the City University of New York to become an artist. There he met George W. Eggers, the chair of the CUNY art department, who steered him from studio art to art history.

Curator of graphic design and poster collections of the Museum of Modern Art, 1943-1970. After high school Constantine joined the College Art Association in 1930 as an editorial assistant on the journal Parnassus. She subsequently received a B.A. and M.A. from New York University. Later she attended the graduate school of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City. Constantine joined the Committee Against War and Fascism and traveled to Mexico in 1936 where she discovered how Latin and Central American groups employed graphics to engage populist sentiment.

Art historian of the Italian Renaissance and professor of art, Rutgers University, 1990-2004. Goffen was born to William and Stella Goffen. Her father was an attorney. She attended Mount Holyoke College, where she graduated, cum laude, in 1966. She continued her training at Columbia University, receiving her M.A. in 1968. While working on her Ph.D. at Columbia, she taught as a lecturer at Indiana University, 1971-73. She was a founding Fellow the Committee to Rescue Italian Art in 1970, headed by John McAndrew.

Archaeologist and architectural historian: first curator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1882-1888, and later curator of Art at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Goodyear was the son of Charles A. Goodyear (1800-1860), the famous inventor of the rubber vulcanization process, and Clarissa Beecher (Goodyear). Much of his childhood was spent in England and France. He graduated in 1867 from Yale University with a degree in history, moving to Italy to seek a better clime for his health. There he became interested in antiquities.

University of Chicago social historian whose primary publications are on American art. Harris was raised in Brooklyn, NY, the son of Harold Harris and Irene Harris. After receiving an A. B. from Columbia University in 1958 he continued to Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, receiving a second B.A. in 1960. He returned to the U.S., completing a doctorate from Harvard University in 1965. He taught at Harvard first as an instructor and then assistant professor of history in 1965.

Classical scholar, professor of art and dean, Smith College. Lehmann received her BA from Wellesley College in 1934 and her Ph.D. from New York University in 1944. She worked at the Brooklyn Museum as assistant in charge of the classical collection between 1934-36, moving to instructor in the history of art at Bennett Junior College, 1936-39. Between 1948-60 she directed excavations by the Archaeological Research Fund of New York University. In 1955 she moved to Smith College where she taught 1955-78, appointed dean, 1965-70.

Architectural historian and Director of the Museum of Modern Art, New York 1968-1969. Lowry served in the army during World War II. Initially considering the law as a career, he served an assistant to Justice Robert Jackson in Paris at the war crimes tribunal. He returned to Chicago and received a B. A. degree in philosophy, working as assistant editor for the American Bar Association journal. He married Isabel Barrett in 1946. Lowry traveled again to Europe, studying art at Grenoble and the Sorbonne. Moving back to Chicago, he completed an A.M. in 1952 and his Ph.D.

Feminist art historian and critic; founded Feminist Art Journal. Nemser received a B.A. in Education from Brooklyn College concentrating on eighteenth and nineteenth-century literature. She taught elementary school in the New York Public School System, and became an exponent of the United Federation of Teachers union. She concurrently pursued an M. A. art historyat New York University contributing reviews for Arts Magazine.

Feminist art historian; Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. Nochlin (then Linda Weinberg) was the daughter of Jules Weinberg (d. 1986) and Elka Heller (Weinberg) (d. 1994). After attending Brooklyn Ethical Cultural School, a progressive grammar school in Brooklyn, she graduated from Vassar College in Philosophy (minors in Greek and Art History) in 1951. She received her M.A. in English from Columbia University in 1952. Weinberg married Philip H.

Americanist, Jackson Pollock scholar and of New-Deal era art, especially American murals. O'Connor's father was Frank J. O'Connor (1904-1974), a bank employee, and his mother Blanche Valentine Whalen (O'Connor) (1900-1974). He attended Manhattan College where he was awarded a B.A. in English in 1959. O'Connor continued to Johns Hopkins University for his M.A. in Creative Writing in 1960, changing to art history for his Ph.D.

Feminist, pioneer art activist for lesbian artists. Arlene Raven was born into a middle-class Jewish family in 1944 in Baltimore, Maryland, as Arlene Rubin. Her father, Joseph Rubin, was a bar owner, and her mother, Annette Rubin, worked in the home. In 1949, Raven began attending Arlington Grammar School and Peabody Institute for Music, where she studied piano, then Garrison Junior High School and Forrest Park High School in 1958. While a student at Hood College, proficient in Spanish, Raven was an exchange student in Spain. She received a B.A. in studio painting in 1965.

Director of the Fogg Art Museum and Cubist scholar. Robbins received his A. B. at age 19 from the University of Chicago and his M. A. in art history from Yale University. He had applied to Yale initially to study painting, but switched to art history when he discovered the painting department was dominated by the minimalist painter Josef Albers (1888-1976). Robbins graduated from Yale in 1955 and began teaching at Indiana University (1955-1956). He pursued his Ph.D.

Art critic; canonizer of the Abstract Expressionist movement in the 1950s. Rosenberg was born to Abraham Benjamin Rosenberg, a scholar and sometime poet, and Fanny Edelman (Rosenberg). After a year at the City College of New York (1923-1924), he attended St. Lawrence University, Brooklyn, gaining a law degree in 1927. His education was greatly augmented by reading from the New York Public Library. He contracted osteomyelitis, a serious bone infection, almost immediately after graduating, resulting in his walking with a cane the rest of his life.

Director of the Department of Painting and Sculpture, Museum of Modern Art, 1973-1988. Rubin was the son of Mack and Beatrice Rubin. His father was a self-made textile merchant and factory owner. Rubin grew up in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, attending the Fieldston School, serving as captain of the football team in his senior year. At Fieldston Rubin met Victor D'Amico, director of education at the Museum of Modern Art. Rubin volunteered at the museum working on special projects under D'Amico.

Revisionist, documents-approach scholar to Rembrandt; American art historian who lives and works in the Netherlands. Schwartz's mother was a Hungarian immigrant and his father, of Polish heritage, worked in and later owned the family sweater factory. Schwartz himself grew up in East New York, Brooklyn, and Far Rockaway, Queens. He attended Hebrew grammar and high schools. At age 16 he entered New York University as a freshman, where a course in art history by Horst Woldemar Janson his first year sparked an interest in the subject.

Historian of art, professor in art education and visual artist. Born in 1916 to Gay Crichton (1855-1966) and Walter Augustus Simon Sr., Simon Jr. grew up in Brooklyn, N.Y. Despite the racism prevalent in schools at this time, Simon received an unconventionally thorough education for an African-American, which would serve as a solid foundation for his love of administration in higher education.

Historian of art, professor in art education and visual artist. Born in 1916 to Gay Crichton (1855-1966) and Walter Augustus Simon Sr.. Simon Jr. grew up in Brooklyn, NY. Despite the racism prevalent in schools at this time, Simon received an unconventionally thorough education for an African-American, which would serve as a solid foundation for his love of administration in higher education. He attended the School of Fine and Applied Arts at the Pratt Institute, earning a certificate in applied art in 1935 and an additional certificate in commercial design in 1936.

Princeton University medievalist, part of the initial team assembled by Charles Rufus Morey. Stohlman was the son of C. Frederick Stohlman. He graduated from Princeton in 1909. After graduation he worked for a surgical instrument manufacturing firm. However, he returned to Princeton, initially studying the early Christian era especially sarcophagi under Charles Rufus Morey. He joined the Princeton faculty in the Department of Art and Archaeology in 1920. In 1924 he was awarded his M.A. and promoted to assistant professor the following year.

Curator of the Museum of Modern Art 1935-46 and director of the Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1952-60. Sweeney was the son of a prosperous importer of laces and textiles whose family had come from Donegal, Ireland. He attended officers' training school in Louisville, KY, during World War I. He earned a B.A. degree at Georgetown University in Washgington, D. C. In college he was a guard on the football team and, as a graduate student in literature at Cambridge University played on the rugby team. He was champion a shot-putter at both schools.

Founder and director of the New Museum, NY (1977-1999) and curator of the Whitney. Tucker was the daughter of Emmanuel Silverman, a trial lawyer, and Dorothy Wald (Silverman). She grew up initially in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, and New Jersey in politically and culturally atuned home. She studied theater and art at Connecticut College and was exposed to a feminism which would guide her through her whole life.

Architectural historian, architect and museum director at Oberlin College. Ward was the son of the infamous investment swindler Ferdinand Ward (1851-1925) and Ella Champion Green (Ward) (1852-1890). His father was sentenced to Sing Sing prison in 1885 when Ward was one. The two were estranged;  after his mother’s death when Ward was six, Ward inherited the estate. His father attempted to gain control of the Ward’s trust after his release in 1895, kidnapped the boy at one point and later sued him as an adult, all to no avail.

Artist, Professor of Modern art and Director, UCLA Art Galleries. Wight's parents were Carol Van Buren Wight (b. 1875) a professor of classics at Johns Hopkins University, and Alice Stallknecht (Wight), an artist. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1923, traveling to France to study painting at the Academie Julien, 1923-1925, as well as elsewhere in Europe. He married Joan Bingham in 1936. Wight began writing novels, South (1935), The Chronicle of Aaron Kane (1936) and Youth in Trust (1937). During World War II, Wight served in the U.S.