Philosopher of perception and art; used Gestalt psychology for his art-historical studies. Arnheim was the son of Georg Arnheim (1867-1944), a piano factory owner, and Betty Gutherz (Arnheim) (1879-1966). He was raised in Berlin, attending the Herdergymnasium (Abitur 1923). His parents intended him to assume the family business, but beginning in 1923 Arnheim, studied art and music history, philosophy and psychology at the University of Berlin with Gestalt-based scholars Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967) and Kurt Lewin (1890-1947). His Ph.D.

Theoretician, Philosophische Kunstwissenschaft (1913)

Medievalist; professor of philosophy. He was born in Ypres, Belgium or in Dutch Leper, Belgium. De Bruyne attended high school at the St.-Vincentiuscollege in Ypres. In 1915, when the Germans attacked Ypres in World War I, the family fled to Sées in France (Orne). Here De Bruyne continued his high school education. In September 1916 he joined the Belgian army. After the war De Bruyne enrolled at Louvain University to study philosophy while still serving in the army. After having earned his Bachelor's degree, in 1919, he entered the Benedictine abbey, Regina Coeli, in Louvain.

Philosopher whose work was influential for art history and historiography. Cassirer was born in Breslau, Silesia, Prussia which is present-day Wroclaw, Poland. He attended the Gymnasium in Breslau before admission to the University of Berlin where he studied jurisprudence and philosophy. Like many students of the era, he also attended university lectures at the universities of Leipzig, Munich, and Heidelberg. He settled at the University of Marburg in 1886. His Ph.D. in philosophy (summa cum laude) appeared in 1899.

possibly just a philosopher

Philosopher, architectural theorist and art historian. Harries was born to Wolfgang Harries and Ilse Grossmann (Harries). Harries attended Yale University recieving his B.A. in 1958 and marrying Elizabeth Wanning the following year. He continued for his Ph.D. at Yale, teaching as an instructor in philosophy at Yale 1961-1963. Harries completed his dissesrtation on the concept of Nihilism in the philosophy department, receiving his degree in 1962.

Esthetician and early art historian; major exponent of Hegel's philosophy in art. Hotho studied law at the Universities of Jura and Breslau between 1820-22 before settling on philosophy at Berlin. He wrote his doctorate in 1826 on Descartes, receiving his habilitation in esthetics and art history a year later with a work on Heraklitus. He was made a professor in Berlin in 1829. Already it is clear that his interests lay in art, as his examination covered Dutch and German paintings of the 15^th century.

Philosopher, journalist, and scholar of African-American art. Alain Locke was born to an African-American couple, Pliny and Mary Hawkins Locke in Philadelphia, Locke was raised in Philadelphia, a popular center for the abolitionists during the Civil War. After his father died in 1891, Locke’s mother focused on developing her son’s intellectual and cultural curiosity. In 1907, Locke received his B.A. in philosophy and literature at Harvard College.

Philosopher, literary and art critic; first chair in the history of art at the école des Beaux-Arts, Paris. Taine began as a lycée teacher at Toulon and Nevers, France. His refusal to sign an allegiance oath to the new President of France, after the 1851 coup d'état forced his dismissal. Taine completed his dissertation in 1853 on Lafontaine, Essai sur les fables de La Fontaine. In 1855, his Voyage aux eaux des Pyénées appeared. His Histoire de la littérature anglaise appeared in 1864.