Leader of modern museum conservation practices; historian of Italian art. Brandi graduated in with a law degree from the University of Siena in 1927, but his interests had moved to art so much that he wrote a thesis the following year at the University of Florence on the artists Rutilio Manetti, Francesco Vanni, and Ventura Salimbeni. In 1930 he was assigned to the Administration of Antiquities and the Fine Arts to assist the Inspector (Soprintendenza) of Monuments and Galleries of Siena.

Italian archaeologist, monuments conservator, and authority on Etruscan vase painting. Fèa received a degree in law from the University of Rome (the Sapienza). He took priestly orders, and after a successful, brief career as a lawyer, he edited an edition of Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Storia della Arti (1783) adding a personal essay "Dissertation on the Ruins of Rome" (Sulle rovine di Roma). He worked as the librarian of the Biblioteca Chigiana.

Byzantinist and mosaics conservator. Hawkins received no formal training in art history. He apprenticed as a sculptor to the architectural carver Lawrence A. Turner from 1922 until 1927. As a sculptor he worked in a neo-Romanesque style, producing work for Westminster Cathedral (the staircase to the pulpit, added at the time of remodeling in 1934) and the screen to St. Patrick's Chapel. He married Hilda Routen in 1930.

Critic, conservator, and historian of Italian renaissance and baroque architecture. Pane befriended several prominent philosophers and art historians of his era, including Benedetto Croce and Bernard Berenson. Pane studied at the University of Rome under Gustavo Giovannoni, teaching renaissance and baroque architecture in Naples in the 1930's. During this time he focused study on Renaissance and Baroque architecture and artistic historiography.

Director of the Louvre Museum and conservateur des peintures. In 1850, Otto Mündler published an essay on old Master paintings in the Louvre criticizing of the Louvre's administrative policies and particularly the research of Villot, pointing out the errors in Villot's 1849 catalog.

Historian and archaeologist of Russian art, conservator and museum director. A student of Timofey Granovsky at the Moscow University, Zabelin's early years were spent in the Kremlin Armory (1837-59). Here he wrote his early monograph on metalwork (1853). In 1859 he joined the St. Petersburg Archaeological Commission, serving until 1876. Between 1879-1888 he was Chair of the Society of Russian History and Antiquity, Moscow University. During that period, he also accepted the position of director of the History Museum (in Moscow) 1883-1908.