Art dealer who authored an important biographical dictionary of artists Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs. Following on the inspiration of Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler. In 1898, Felix Becker launched an initiative to write a comprehensive dictionary of artists, architects and decorators, the first volume of which appeared in 1907. Bénézit began a similar work in the French language shortly thereafter.

Italian Renaissance scholar, dealer, and art magazine editor. Borenius was the son of Carl Borenius, a member of the Finnish Diet. Borenius was educated at the Swedish Lyceum and before Helsinki University (Helsingfors), then Berlin and Rome. In Helsinki, he studied under J. J. Tikkanen. After receiving his Ph.D. in Helsingfors in 1909, he moved to London where he published a version of his dissertation, Painters of Vincenza (1909). The same year he married Anne-Marie Rüneberg (1885-1976, granddaughter of the Finnish poet J. L. Rüneberg (1807-1877).

Art dealer and Director of the Galerie für Alte Kunst in Munich during the Nazi era. Bornheim purchased numerous artworks for Hermann Goering as he was under Goering's protection, together with Kajetan Mühlmann who held the title The Special Commissioner for the Safekeeping of Works of Art in the Occupied Territories.

Art dealer, art historian, and a pioneer as a woman in the field. Lillian Browse was born in London to Michael Browse and Gladys Amy Browse (née Meredith). At three, she emigrated with her family to South Africa, where her father had launched a career as a racehorse trainer. She attended Barnato Park High School in Johannesburg, then returned to London in 1928 in order to study ballet at the Cecchetti Ballet School. While on tour in 1930, she realized that she would not achieve the success she desired as a dancer and decided to switch careers.

Classical numismatist, professor of classical art and art and coin dealer. Cahn's father was a numismatics dealer, Ludwig Cahn, and his mother Johanna Neuberger (Cahn). As a boy he assisted in compiling the sales catalogs for his father's firm. He studied classical archaeology and philology at the Universität Frankfurt under Ernst Langlotz. With the Nazi rise to power in Germany, Cahn, who was a Jew, emigrated to Switzerland in 1933 and continued his studies at Basle. His brother, Erich B.

Art historian and dealer, responsible for many sensational painting discoveries in the post-World-War II period. Carritt was educated at Rugby School 1939-44 before attending Christ Church College, Oxford. While still at school he drew the attention of Benedict Nicolson, then editor of the Burlington Magazine, as someone which extraordinary art-historical perceptiveness. Nicholson took Carritt to visit the great Italian art authority, Bernard Berenson in Florence, who also was impressed with the Carritt's gifts.

Etcher and later dealer and cataloger of prints.

Painter and art dealer; wrote extensive biographies of European artists. Descamps was raised and trained in art in Dunkirk. He moved to Antwerp where he studied further and then in Paris with Nicolas Lancret, Nicolas de Largillierre and at the Académie Royale. Descamps moved to Rouen and founded a small studio and school. In 1749 Descamps's school received the designation Ecole Royale, Gratuite et Académique de Dessin, de Peinture, de Sculpture et d'Architecture on the model of the Académie Royale in Paris.

Italian renaissance art scholar, dealer, and director, National Gallery, Dublin. Douglas attended Oxford University concentrating in Modern History. Walter Pater and Charles Fairfax Murray inspired him to study art. While a chaplain for the Church of England in Italy, he wrote the text for a monograph on Fra Angelico, consulting with a number of scholars, including Bernard Berenson. He gave up his church appointment in 1900, accepting a position as professor of Modern History at the University of Adelaide, Australia.

Art Dealer of early Cubism, wrote Weg zum Kubismus, an early text on the movement.

Art dealer and publisher; credited with launching the late art career of Grandma Moses and popularizing the work of Austrian and German artists, including Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, in the United States. Kallir was born in Vienna, Austria to parents Jacob Nirenstein, a lawyer, and Clare Engel. He was born as Otto Nirenstein. He received his Abitur in 1912 from Akademisches Gymnasium. Until 1914, Kallir was an apprentice at a lithographic institute, and also engaged in drawing and painting lessons during this time.

Bern gallery graphics dealer, partner of Gutekunst und Klipstein and later of Kornfeld and Klipstein, author of Käte Kollwitz catalogue raisonné.

First author of an American art survey to write sympathetically about Abstract Expressionism; art dealer. Kootz earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Virginia in 1921. He practiced briefly before moving to New York city to work as an account executive in advertising handling motion pictures clients. During that time he published Modern American Painters in 1930, an early text on contemporary American artists. Kootz switch careers in 1934 again, now a silk converter, where he commissioned Stuart Davis and Arthur Dove to design scarves.

Historian of Netherlandish art and gallery dealer. Lilienfeld studied at the universities of Leipzig and Halle and Berlin where he studied under Adolph Goldschmidt. He moved to the Hague where he worked as the assistant the eminent private art historian, Cornelis Hofstede de Groot in Amsterdam.

Art historian and art dealer. After earning his Ph.D., he began working in Paris in 1941 for the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), the Nazi agency set up to loot art from victims of the Reich. He was Hermann Göring's personal contact and organized exhibitions of looted art in the Jeu de Paume museum. Lohse mounted ten separate exhibitions (as he termed them) of confiscated art for Göring to examine and choose from. This amounted to 422 works by later 1942. At the conclusion of World War II, he was sentenced and served three years in prison between 1948 and 1951.

history of the art trade

Art dealer, museum curator, and historian of medieval and Renaissance art. Molinier began his career at Ecole des Chartres, where he studied for three years. His brother, Auguste, was a well-known medievalist, and encouraged Emile to pursue art historical scholarship. He was hired to work at the Bibliotheque Nationale for one year before accepting a position at the Louvre in the Département des Objets. In 1886, Molinier published Les Plaquettes, demonstrating his interest in the Italian Renaissance.

Dealer and historian of Italian and Old Master paintings. Mündler studied languages at Munich and Erlangen Universities. He decided to move to Paris to become an art dealer in 1835, and developed close friendships with prominent members of the European art community of the 1840's, including Giovanni Morelli, Emmanuel Sano, and Ralph Nicholson Wornum.

Connoisseur and advisor to major art collections, painter and art dealer. Murray's parents were James Dalton Murray (1808-1876), a linen-draper, and Elizabeth Scott (Draper) (1816-1853). He grew up in Sudbury, Suffolk. By age 13 he had already received art lessons, possibly from Richard Gainsborough Dupont, and had moved to London. Murray worked as an apprentice in the drawing office of Sir Samuel Morton Peto, the great Victorian railway builder.

Dealer and historian of Italian art; documentary scholar on Leonardo. Richter's father was the distinguished Lutheran clergyman Karl Edmund Richter. The younger Richter also studied theology, school at Leipzig and acting as the tutor to the Landgrave Alexander Friedrich of Hesse. These student years afforded him much travel throughout Europe and the East. His knowledge of sites and travel brought him work writing for Karl Baedecker, the publisher of the famous travel guides. Richter discovered an interest in early Christian art and archaeology in 1869 during a trip to Italy.

Dealer, collector and historian of 19th-century panting and drawings. Ring studied with Heinrich Wölfflin at Munich University, completing a thesis on early Netherlandish portrait painting. She became interested in 19th century drawings while working at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich and the Nationalgalerie in Berlin. Ring began working for the firm of Paul Cassirer in 1919, and became a partner in 1924. After working with Helmuth Lutjens in Amsterdam, she established the Paul Cassirer Gallery in London in 1938.

Art dealer; writer of dictionary of Dutch artists. Scheen grew up in The Hague. He attended school until the age of fifteen. He then began working in his father's art business. In 1931 he himself became an art dealer in The Hague. Eager to know who the artists were whose paintings he was involved with, he started collecting biographical data of thousands of Dutch painters and draughts men. In 1946 his first publication in this field appeared: Honderd Jaren Nederlandsche Schilder en Teekenkunst; de Romantiek met voor- en natijd (1750-1850).

Art dealer and writer; founded a model of catalogue raisonné writing; early scholar of Rubens and Rembrandt. Smith was the son of John Smith and Anne Smith. He apprenticed and worked as a carver and gilder, marrying at an early age the niece of Lord Mountjoy. All his sons were from that union. He founded a private art dealership in Great Marlborough Street, London and later New Bond Street where the dealers were clustered. His firm attracted wealthy customers such as Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington and the Rothschilds.

Modernist scholar and dealer; early advocate of the work of Picasso and Rousseau. He was born in Friedeberg in der Neumark, Germany, which is present day Strzelce Krajeńskie, Poland. Uhde's father was a superior court judge, Johannes Uhde. The family was from a landed Prussian line. Uhde himself attended law classes in Dresden before changing to art history, studying in Munich and Florence. In 1904 he moved to Paris. He was among the earliest to recognize the work of Cubists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque; his first painting by Picasso was purchased in 1905.

Impressionist scholar and gallery dealer. Wildenstein was born to a family of art dealers. His grandfather, Nathan Wildenstein, began the business Wildenstein & Cie., in the 1870s selling 18^th-century and old master paintings. In the early twentieth century, the business expanded to London and New York where their clients included Henry Clay Frick and J. P. Morgan. The younger Wildenstein was educated at the Sorbonne and spent his early professional years as the exhibitions director of the Musée Jacquemart-Andre, Paris, and the Musée Chaalis in the north of France.