Museum department director, print specialist and editor of the Gazette des Beaux-Arts (1956-1987); established a genre of art-historical research exploring the importance of classical culture to that of the Middle Ages. Adhémar was descended from a distinguished legal family of the French Midi (southern France). His father, a lawyer of the Cour de cassation (French Supreme Court), allowed his son to follow scholarship rather than study law.

Museum curator; author of first modern comprehensive catalog of prints, Le Peintre-graveur. Bartsch was the son of a court official of Prince Starhemberg of Austria. He studied academic subjects at the University in Vienna and then drawing and engraving at Viennese Academy of Arts (Kupferstecherakademie) under Jacob Schmuzer (1733-1811). From 1777-1781 he worked in the Imperial Library, cataloging books. Between 1783-4 he was sent to Paris with the print collection's registrar, Paul Strattmann, to acquire the print collection of the Johann Anton de Peters (1725-1795).

Assistant-director of the Print Room of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum (1913-1920); specialist in early Dutch graphic art and painting; art seller. Beets was born in Batavia, Indonesia which is present-day Jakarta. He was the only child of Dirk Beets and Clara Johanna van de Poll, and the grandson of the Dutch writer and poet Nicolaas Beets (1814-1903). He was raised in Batavia, then the capital of the Netherlands Indies. At the age of eight, he was sent to his mother's family in The Netherlands, in Driebergen.

Print and book collector, wrote major inventory of prints.

Print collector, medical doctor; surgeon. Bierens de Haan was the son of David Bierens de Haan, professor of mathematics and physics at Leiden University, and Johanna Catharina Justina IJssel de Schepper. The young Bierens de Haan attended the Leiden gymnasium and, from 1887 to 1894, he studied medicine at Leiden University. He also received training in hospitals and universities abroad, in particular in Bonn, Vienna, Paris, and London. In those years he began building up his print collection, while visiting the European print rooms.

Poet; Assistant Keeper of Prints and Drawing, British Museum. Binyon's father was Frederick Binyon (1838-1900), a minister, and mother Mary Dockray (Binyon), the daughter of Robert Benson Dockray (1811-1871), principal engineer of the London and Birmingham Railroad. He attended St. Paul's School before pursuing Classics at Trinity College, Oxford University. In 1890 he made a first in classical moderations, and in 1892, a second in litterae humainoires. He joined the Department of Printed Books at the British Museum beginning in 1893.

Director of the Amsterdam Rijksprentenkabinet; connoisseur of drawings and prints. Boon studied art history at Amsterdam University, with professor Ferrand Whaley Hudig (1883-1937), and at the Sorbonne in Paris. He finished his studies at the école du Louvre with a thesis on the relationship between the School of Cologne and Netherlandish painting in the second half of the fifteenth century, Les rapports entre l'école de Cologne et la peinture néerlandaise dans la deuxième moitié du quinzième siècle.

Curator of the Print Room, Bibliothèque nationale. After the death of his father, in 1859, Bouchot's mother and sister moved with him to Tilleroyes, near Besançon, where he later attended the Collège Saint-François-Xavier. He served in the army during the Franco-Prussian war. In 1874 he was admitted at the École des Chartes, where he obtained the diploma of archivist-paleographer. He began, in 1879, a lifelong career at the Print room of the Bibliothèque nationale, as an intern under Henri Delaborde.

Author of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, curator of prints, founded Print Collector’s quarterly. Carrington was born in Surbiton, Surrey in 1869 to R. C. and Sarah Jane (née Pewtress) Carrington. He was educated at Bute House in Petersham, England before attending college at Victoria College on the Island of Jersey. In 1886, he moved to Minnesota, United States. He briefly worked in agriculture, but soon began surveying for the Great Northern Railway. Afterwards, he was employed by Harington Beard (ca. 1868-1940), a fine art dealer in the city.

First director of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge University; British Museum Keeper of Prints and Drawings (1883-1912). Colvin was the son of Bazett David Colvin (1805-1871), a commercial agent in India, and Mary Steuart Bayley (1821-1902). Colvin was raised and privately tutored the family home, The Grove, Little Bealings, near Woodbridge, east Suffolk. As a boy he knew John Ruskin, whose work he emulated. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1863 graduating at the top of his class in Classics in 1867. The following year he was appointed a fellow.

Curator, painter, and early authority on prints. Delaborde was a son of Henri-François Delaborde, a general in the French army who was honored in 1809 with the title comte de l'Empire (Count of the Empire). The young Delaborde attended high school at the Lycée Charlemagne and the Lycée Bourbon in Paris. After graduation he wanted to become an artist, but his parents decided that he study law. Soon after his enrollment, however, with the permission of his father, Delaborde entered the studio of the history painter Paul Delaroche, where he practiced painting between 1829 and 1834.

Historian of German and Flemish drawings, Keeper of the Department of Prints and Drawings, British Museum. Dodgson came from a middle-class investment family, distantly related to Lewis Carroll (née Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). He attended Winchester and then New College, Oxford, where he read in Classics and Theology. His intention to be ordained changed after college (perhaps because of his realization of latent homosexuality). Dodgson assisted Oscar Wilde's friend Lord Alfred Douglas at Oxford, spending a well-documented weekend with Wild and Douglas at Babbacombe near Torquay.

Curator Print Room Bibliothèque nationale; self-trained specialist in the history of engraving. The father of Duplessis was Pierre Alexandre Gratet-Duplessis (1792-1853), who had held positions of recteur at the academies of Douai and Lyon between 1827 and 1830. After his retirement, in 1841, he settled in Paris, where he devoted himself to the education of his son. The younger Duplessis had an exceptional passion for images and prints. He attended the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris.

Professor of Art History at the University of Valladolid with interests in Spanish and European engravings. Garcia Vega was born on September 4th, 1947, in Valladolid, Spain. In 1971, she received a bachelor’s in Philosophy and Letters. In 1982 she earned a doctorate in Art History at the University of Valladolid, where she began her tenure as an Art History professor. With research interests in European and Spanish engravings, as well as Oriental art, Garcia Vega won multiple awards during her time at Valladolid.

Scholar of Netherlandish prints. The professor of Art History at Utrecht University, J. G. van Gelder, described Geisberg's work as one of the praiseworthy graphic studies of Netherlandish of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

British Museum curator and connoisseur of sixteenth-century Italian drawings. Gere was born to Edward Arnold, a British patent examiner, and Catherina Giles (Gere). His artistic interests and passion as a collector were strongly influenced by his upbringing. His father’s half-brother Charles March Gere (1869-1957), and two sisters were artists at the Birmingham school and his mother was associated with the Vorticist circle of Wyndham Lewis.

Clergyman, garden theorist and early historian of prints. Gilpin was the son of Captain John Bernard Gilpin (1701-1776) and Matilda Langstaffe (1703-1773). He attended school in Carlisle, then at St. Bees, near Whitehaven in Cumberland, England. He entered Queen's College, Oxford in 1740, graduating with a B.A. in 1744. After ordination as a deacon in 1746, he was appointed curate of Irthington in Cumberland. He returned to Oxford for an MA in 1748. There he began collecting prints, developing a sophisticated appreciation well beyond the simple criteria of verisimilitude.

Keeper (Curator) of prints and drawings at the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1921-1935; bibliophile. Hardie was the son of James Hardie, a headmaster at Linton House, a grammar school in London, and Marion Pettie. He attended Linton House and then St. Paul's School, London, were he won prizes for drawing. In 1895 Hardie entered Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in1898. He joined the South Kensington Museum (later Victoria and Albert Museum) working in the library. He married Agnes Madeline Pattisson (b. 1876/7) in 1903.

Prints and drawings authority (especially Italian); Keeper of the Department of Prints, British Museum, 1933 -1945. Hind's father was Henry Robert Hind, a school principal, his mother, Sarah Mayger, and his grandfather the illustrator Robert Neal Hind (1817-1879). After attending the City of London School he entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, graduating with honors in 1902. Though music was a serious option, Hind chose the study of prints. He traveled to Dresden to study under the engraving history scholar Max Lehrs.

Harvard librarian, book collector and founder and first curator of the Department of Printing and Graphic Arts, Houghton Library. Hofer graduated from Harvard and spent a few years in business. He began collecting a wide variety of printed books in 1917. By 1933 he focused on illustrated and decorated books, thus entering into a serious study of book arts. He served as curator of the Spencer Collection of the New York Public Library. In 1934 he became the first assistant director of the Morgan Library in New York (to 1937).

Curator of prints and assistant director, National Gallery of Victoria, Australia. Hoff was the daughter of Hans Hoff, a pharmaceuticals salesperson and Thusnelde Hoff. Hoff studied at the newly founded University of Hamburg under Erwin Panofsky and Fritz Saxl. Her doctoral thesis was on "Rembrandt and England." Her Jewish background made her persona non grata after Hitler's rise in 1933. That year she emigrated with her family to Hampstead, London. She studied (and tutored) at Girton College, Cambridge.

Cataloger of major corpus of Renaissance and Baroque prints. Hollstein was a major dealer in prints and drawings in Berlin before World War II. With the Nazi's rise to power in Germany, Hollstein, a Jew, was forced to take refuge in Amsterdam. He was given a permanent seat in the print room (Rijksprentenkabinet) of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum, where he set about compiling an index and catalog of known examples of prints. He based his corpus on examples from the collection and his own extensive knowledge and business notes.

Brooklyn Museum's first keeper of prints( and Librarian), 1899 to 1934. Hutchinson studied library science, receiving her degree from Pratt Institute of Library Science. She joined Blackstone Memorial Library in Branford, CT, rising through the ranks to acting librarian. In 1900 she joined the library of the Brooklyn Museum. As librarian, she began a print collection as part of that division's holdings. She was a founding member of the Brooklyn Society of Etchers, holding meetings in the Museum.

Chief curator Bibliothèque royale de Belgique; professor of art history; art critic lithographer. Hymans' father was a medical doctor, who moved from the Northern Netherlands to Brussels, shortly before Belgium became independent (1830), and later to Antwerp, where the young Hymans was born. His mother was Sophie Hymans, née Josephs. She gave the young Hymans his first art initiation in the Antwerp museums. While attending high school, Hymans took drawing classes with Edward Dujardin (1817-1889) at the Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts.