Architect who worked on the Pergamon excavation (1879-1881), and determined the original architectural form of the Pergamon altar.

Documentary architectural historian of the middle east. Butler was born to Edward Marchant Butler and Helen Belden Crosby (Butler). He was educated privately at the Lyons Collegiate Institute and the Berkeley School in New York, which allowed him to enter Princeton University as a sophomore, class of 1892.

Director of antique sculpture at Berlin Museum 1877-1887; brought Pergamon altar to Berlin. Conze was the son of a cavalry officer. He initially studied law at the university in Göttingen before changing to classics. His dissertation was written under Eduard Gerhard in Berlin in 1855. Conze made trips to Paris and London and was particularly inspired by the Elgin Marbles. He was appointed Professor (Extraordinarius) at University of Halle in 1863, moving to the University of Vienna in 1869 (through 1877).

Scottish architectural historian, active in India. Fergusson was born in the town of Ayr, on the west coast of Scotland. James was the second son of Dr. William Fergusson, who served as the Inspector General of Military Hospitals — a role which required much overseas travel. James received his early education at the Royal High School in Edinburgh and, later, in Hounslow, outside London. In 1829 he travelled to Bengal, India, where his older brother lived, before moving to Calcutta where he earned his fortune working as an indigo merchant.

Scholar of classical Greek, Roman and Near Eastern art; renowned archaeologist. Hanfmann's family migrated from Russia to Germany when was 10. In Germany he studied first at the University in Jena, and then at Munich where he studied under Ernst Buschor and Hans Diepolder. His degree was finally granted at the Friedrich Wilhelms Universität in Berlin.

Specialist in the iconography of Near Eastern illuminated manuscripts and wall painting. At age seventeen, Leroy became a monk with the Benedictines of Solemnes, who at that moment were in exile on the Island of Wight (United Kingdom) and returned to Solemnes in 1922. Between 1930 and 1933 he studied at the Pontificio Istituto Biblico in Rome, where he graduated in biblical studies. In 1934 he left the monastery and settled as a priest in Paris. The next twenty years he held several teaching positions, and he continued doing research.

Specialist in ancient art of Crete, Rome, and the near East, in particular the art of seals. Matz was the nephew of archaeologist Friedrich Matz (1843-1874), and was often referred to as "der Jünger" (the younger). The younger Matz began his career as teacher at the Grauen Kloster gymnasium (advanced high school) in Berlin, 1914-1925. During these years he assisted in editing with Eugen von Mercklin volume two of the printed catalog of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut library begun by August Mau.

Specialist in ancient Greek and Roman art, particularly the near eastern influences on early Greece. Privatdozent (tutor, 1923-1929) then a.o. Professor (1929-1931) at the University of Berlin. Professor at Bryn Mawr College (U.S.) 1931-1945.

Archaeologist and historian of Russian and Near Eastern (Egypt, Assyria) art. Piotrovsky graduated from Leningrad University with a degree from the historical philology department. After receiving his degree, he joined the staff of the History of Material Culture, and went on to become a curator at the State Hermitage Museum in 1931, where he would publish his research on the history of the Hermitage's collections. As an archaeologist, Piotrovsky led expeditions to Nubia and the Kamir blur.

Specialist in ancient architecture of the Near East. Student of Robert Koldewey. Professor of the History of Architecture at the Technical University of Dresden, 1920-1945. Professor at the Technical University of Karlsruhe, 1949-1950.

Collector and archaeologist of middle eastern art. After meeting Carl Humann, Sarre traveled to Anatolia to study its medieval monuments. In 1895 and 1896, he visited Phyrigia, Lycaonia, and Pisidia. Sarre discovered several architectural monuments in the area, where he collected epigraphic material. His work interested Arabists such as Bernhard Moritz (1859-1939), Eugen Mittwoch (1876-1942), and Max van Berchem (q.v.).

Specialist in ancient Greek and Roman art, particularly provincial Roman artifacts and relief sculptures of Pergamon. He was born in Windisch-Landsberg, Steiermark, Slovenia, or present day Podcetrek, Slovenia. Lecturer (1921-1927) and a.o. Professor (1927-1935) at the University of Vienna, Professor at the University of Graz (1935-1945).

Scholar of Mediterranean gothic art and architecture. Schwarz was the son of Mathias Schwarz, a teacher in the Volksschule in Borghees, and Wilhelmine Kaiser (Schwarz), both devout Roman Catholics. He graduated from the gymnasium in Emmerich in 1931 with degrees in Germanistik and history.

Journalist and art writer. Authored report to Metropolitan Museum of Art on the accusations of the Cesnola Collection of Cyprian art.

Architectural historian and archaeologist of middle eastern churches. Vogüé stemmed from the ancient aristocratic family of the Vivarais, long settled on the banks of the Ardèche river. His father was Léonce de Vogüé (1805-1877), a French bureaucrat, and his mother Henriette de Machault d'Arnouville (1808-1864). His ancestors had been participants in the Third Crusade. His initial interest was in science and he early trained in mathematics. He mastered Greek, Latin, Phoenician, Syriac and Hebrew. As a young man he worked in the diplomatic service in Petrograd, Russia in 1850.

Specialist in classical Greek sculpture and ancient Near Eastern temple architecture. Weber worked at Olympia excavation in Greece 1938-1944. His participation during this years was a mark of his complicity with the Nazi government. After the war, he resumed his academic training, and wrote his habilitationsschrift at the University of Kiel in 1956. He was the second Director of the deutsches archäologisches Institut Istanbul (German Archaeological Institute, or DAI) between 1961-1968. In 1968 he accepted a call to be Professor at the University of Freiburg (i. Br.) 1968-1980.

Specialist in ancient Greek art and sculpture, and active archaeologist in Asia Minor, particularly at the Pergamon site. Wiegand excavated sites in Asia Minor with Hubert Knackfuss. Director of the antiquity section of the Prussian Museum in Berlin, 1911-1931. His students include Gerda Bruns.

Founder of the Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Wilkinson began as an assistant (copyist) to Albert M. Lythgoe in his Egyptian excavations for the Metropolitan Museum of Art.