Medievalist; manuscripts scholar New York University. Alexander edited the important Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles beginning in 1975.

Scholar of early medieval iluminated manuscript. Böckler studied art history at the university in Berlin under the medievalist art historian Adolph Goldschmidt. He remained a friend of his mentor his entire life. His 1921 dissertation was on a Stuttgart Passionale (manuscript) of Hirsau held in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek which Böckler selected as an example of a document from a South German monastic reform movement. After graduation, Böckler joined the Preussische Staatsbibliothek (Berlin State Library).

Wickhoff student (?), illuminated manuscripts specialist.

Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 1908-1937; illuminated manuscript scholar and of William Morris. Cockerell was born to John Cockerell (1842-1877), a coal merchant and Alice Elizabeth Bennett (Cockerell) (d. 1900). The younger Cockerell attended St. Paul's School, London, in 1882 but the death of his father when Cockerell was ten required him to leave in 1885 to work in the family business. He rose, under his uncles' patronage, to parter in 1889, but left permanently in 1892.

Connoisseur of illuminated manuscripts; assistant curator at the Department of Manuscripts of the Royal Library in Brussels. He was born in Herseaux, Belgium. which is present day Herzele. Delaissé attended high school at Tournai, Belgium, and studied Romance Philology at the Catholic University of Louvain. During World War II, when Belgium was under German occupation, Delaissé joined the resistance and later fled to Spain, where he was arrested. He subsequently escaped to England, where he trained in the tank corps for the Belgian Army of Liberation.

Curator of manuscripts and later head of the Bibliothèque Nationale, developed paleographic techniques used by art historians. He was born in Valognes, Normandy, France, near Cherbourg. Delisle was provincially and not extensively educated in Valognes. However, Charles Duhérissier de Gerville, a nobleman and collector of manuscripts, hired him to copy manuscripts in Gerville's collection. From Gerville, Delisle learned the basics of paleography gaining entrance to the école des Chartres in 1846. He published his first article in 1847 while still a student there.

Scholar of medieval manuscript illumination and Renaissance art; Princeton University professor. DeWald was descended from Swiss and Alsatian family. He received his undergraduate degree from Rutgers University, New Jersey, before moving to Princeton for his graduate degrees. There, the medievalist in the Department of Art and Archaeology, Charles Rufus Morey introduced him to the study of medieval manuscripts. His first article reflecting Morey's development of the Index of Christian Art at Princeton, was on the iconography of the ascension, published in 1915.

Archivist and illuminated manuscripts specialist; assistant keeper at the Louvre Department of Painting, 1885-1902. Durrieu attended high school in Paris at the Lycée Condorcet. After his law studies he continued his education at the école des Chartes between 1874 and 1878. He then went to Italy, where he attended the école française d'archéologie de Rome. In Naples, he researched the archives of the House of Anjou, on which he published a two-volume study in 1886-87, Les archives angevines de Naples: étude sur les registres du roi Charles Ier (1265-1285).

Manuscripts scholar.

Scholar of Byzantium and manuscript collector; principal author of the first serious monograph ever on the frescoes in Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome (1911). Grüneisen was the son of an apothecary from a Baltic-German family living in Russia. He grew up in St. Petersburg, attending the St. Petri school between 1881-1890. He attended the university in St. Petersburg and then the Imperial Architectural Institute, eventually teaching there was well.

Cambridge University medievalist, particularly architecture and manuscripts. Henderson was the son of a professor of ecclesiastical history, George David Henderson and Janet Smith (Henderson). He attended the University of Aberdeen, receiving his B.A. in 1953. He moved to the University of London, completed an M.A., 1956. He married Isabel Bisset Murray, a librarian at National Library of Scotland in 1957. He was then admitted to Cambridge University, where he secured an M.A. and finally Ph.D., in 1961.

Medieval manuscript scholar. Homburger attended the local Gymnasium in Karlsruhe, graduating and spending a year in volunteer military service in 1903. He studied under Adolph Goldschmidt and the medievalist paleographer Ludwig Traube (1818-1876). In 1912 he published Die Anfänge der Malschule von Winchester im X. Jahrhundert, a study between the Winchester School illuminators and their continental counterparts. He served in the military in the First World War 1914-18.

Medieval manuscripts scholar and provost, King's College, Cambridge (1905-1918). James was the son of Herbert James (1822-1909), rector of Great Livermere in Suffolk (near Bury St. Edmunds) and Mary Emily Horton (1818-1899) daughter of Admiral Joshua Sydney Horton. James attended the private boarding school at Temple Grove in Surrey between 1873-76 and then Eton (1876-82). He received a scholarship for King's College, Cambridge in 1882.

Wrote Der Begriff der Entwicklung in der Kunstgeschichte (1917), one of the early examinations of art historiography in Germany; taught in Frankfurt (1915-1930). His students included Oswald Goetz.

studied the manuscripts contained in the libraries of France

Specialist in the iconography of Near Eastern illuminated manuscripts and wall painting. At age seventeen, Leroy became a monk with the Benedictines of Solemnes, who at that moment were in exile on the Island of Wight (United Kingdom) and returned to Solemnes in 1922. Between 1930 and 1933 he studied at the Pontificio Istituto Biblico in Rome, where he graduated in biblical studies. In 1934 he left the monastery and settled as a priest in Paris. The next twenty years he held several teaching positions, and he continued doing research.

Manuscripts scholar.

Scholar of English illuminated manuscripts and Keeper of Manuscripts, British Museum,1944-47. Millar's parents were George Millar (d. 1889) and Edith Antsey (Millar). He was the nephew of Thomas Anstey Guthrie (1856-1934), a cartoonist for Punch. Millar was educated at Charterhouse and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His uncle's friends included a bicycled riding companion, the manuscript scholar Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936). Guthrie, who went by the name of Antsey, convinced James to give his nephew an appointment at the British Museum, Department of Manuscripts in 1912.

Medievalist curator of manuscripts at the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. Miner was born to Roy Waldo Miner (1875-1955) and Anna Elizabeth Carroll (d. 1924). Her father was a marine biologist and a curator at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. She attended Barnard College, graduating in 1926 and continued in medieval literature as the first Barnard International Fellow at Bedford College, University of London. She returned to New York in 1928 to study art history at Columbia University as a Carnegie Fellow.

Collector and historian of antiques and illuminated manuscripts. After serving in the military, de Montmercy returned to civilian life in 1515. As a wealthy nobleman, he used inheritance money to purchase several Ch- teaus, which housed his art collection. In 1537, he rebuilt a Ch- teau at Ecouen, where he kept important sculptures of Italian artists, including Michaelangelo's Slaves. De Montmercy's financial support helped with the restoration of the antique remains from the Languedoc region.

Medievalist; specialist in Romanesque manuscript illumination. Mütherich wrote her Ph.D. in Berlin under Wilhelm Pinder, graduating in 1940. Her dissertation topic was on goldwork of the Rheinland areas during the reign of the Hohenstaufen kings. After World War II, when the Nazi NSDAP headquarters in Munich was turned into an art-historical research center, the Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte, she was made a member in 1949. She worked there, under its director, Ludwig H. Heydenreich, remaining until 1980.

Author of an early manuscript biography of German artists. Neudörfer's father was a successful furrier and business person, Stephan Neudörffer. As an adult, Johann earned his living as a teacher of mathematics and geometry; his interest and contemporary fame rested on his renoun as a calligrapher. A life-long resident of Nuremberg, he lived on the same street as and was well acquainted with the artist Albrecht Dürer until Dürer's move in 1509.

Historian of French illuminated manuscripts and librarian, Bibliothèque Nationale. After completing his studies at the école des Chartes, Porcher joined the Bibliothèque Nationale. By publishing books on illuminated manuscripts, Porcher encouraged scholars to study them in an art historical context. He became the Conservateur en Chef of the manuscripts department in 1944, where his work focused solely on illuminated manuscripts.

Art historian and translator; manuscript scholar and specialist in medieval iconography. Ragusa was the second daughter of Andrea and Anna Ragusa from Sicily. As a child, Ragusa immigrated with her family and settled in New York City in 1931. Her older sister, Olga Ragusa (b. 1922), also pursued an academic career and was an accomplished scholar of Italian Studies and a professor at Columbia University. Ragusa received her BA from New York University and her MA and PhD from the Institute of Fine Arts (IFA), New York University.

Art History Professor at the Catholic University of Louvain (1985-99); founder of the Centre for the Study of Flemish Illuminators. Smeyers grew up in Louvain, Belgium. Like his father, Andreas Smeyers, who published on historic Louvain and the nearby Vlierbeek Abbey, he was particularly interested in local history. He attended high school at St. Peter's College in Louvain and went on as a history student at the Catholic University in the same city. After his graduation, in 1961, he accepted a position as high school teacher at the College of Our Lady in Boom, to the north of Brussels.