Explored transformation of Classicism into Baroque; suggested "anti-Renaissance" as intermediary term (versus Mannerism).

Mannerism; Renaissance Italy; studied the studiolo of Francesco I, Grand-Duke of Tuscany.

Scholar of Italian Mannerism, offered a broad definition of Mannerism; influenced by Gustav René Hocke and Max Dvořák.Bousquet's 1964 Mannerism book drew inspiration from a number of earlier scholars on the subject. Dvořák noted that Manneristic subject matter greatly expanded, a fact Bousquet expanded upon. Bousquet also drew from the camp of Mannerist scholars, principally Hocke, who saw these artists as the precursors to surrealism.

Mannerism in Bologna

Mannerist sculptor; his autobiography (Vita) contains evaluations of many renaissance artists. Trained as a goldsmith, Cellini worked primarily as a sculptor. His early work in Pisa on the cathedral (accidentally, he had originally set out for Rome) resulted in a keen knowledge of Roman sculpture via sarcophagi. Finally in Rome by 1519, he dealt in antique medals, gems, and other objects which, according to his autobiography, he routinely discovered.

Mannerism; integration of the figure in a decorative system

Journalist and art historian; employed Geistgeschichte mode in his philological and art-historical studies of Mannerism. Hocke studied in Bonn under the literary historian Ernst Robert Curtius (1886-1956) (whose grandfather was the archaeologist/art historian Ernst Curtius), under whom he wrote his dissertation in 1934. As a journalist for the Cologne newspaper, he observed of the rise of national socialism, and, as their correspondent in Italy, observed fascism there as well as the Roman underground.

Mannerism

Courtauld Institute Professor; scholar of Raphaël and Mannerism. Shearman was the son of Charles E. G. Shearman, a British army brigadier and amateur painter, and Evelyn White (Shearman). He attended St. Edmund's school, Hindhead, and the Felsted School, in Essex, where his interests in studio art were encouraged by the headmaster. He became a painter of naturalistic landscapes and seascapes. Shearman entered the Courtauld Institute, University of London, in 1951, where he studied art history under Vienna expatriate Johannes Wilde.

Renaissance and Mannerism scholar and NYU professor; Director, I Tatti, Florence. Smyth was the son of George Hugh Smyth and Lucy Salome Humeston (Smyth). He received all his degrees from Princeton University, beginning with his A. B., in 1938 in classics. At Princeton, Charles Rufus Morey persuaded him to switch to art history for his master's degree (M.F.A.), granted in 1941. He married Barbara Linforth the same year and joined the National Gallery of Art as a senior research assistant with fellow classmate Charles Parkhurst.