French and American Impressionist painting scholar; Brown University Professor of Art and Architecture, 1970-2004. Champa was initially interested in music. He studied the trombone in grade school and toured Europe as part of Yale's marching band. In his academic classes at Yale, Champa studied art history. He graduated from Yale with a BA in 1960, continuing at Harvard where he studied with the art critic Clement Greenberg, and wrote his doctoral degree in 1965 under Frederick B. Deknatel in Impressionism.

Toulouse-Lautrec scholar and collector. President of the Society of Friends of the Albi Museum (France). Wrote the catalogue raisonné of Toulouse-Laurtec's work.

Art critic; first to write an insightful analysis of Impressionism. Duranty was rumored to have been the illegitimate child of the writer Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870). He studied briefly at the Collège Chaptal in Paris. In 1856 he co-founded the monthly journal Réalisme with Jules Assézat (1832-1876) and Jean-Baptiste-Henri Thulié (1832-1916), but the magazine folded after only six issues. Duranty focused his Realist energies into the closely-related literary movement of Naturalism.

First art historian of Impressionism; coiner of the term avant garde for art. Duret was raised in a privileged Charente family whose fortune derived from the cognac firm Duret et De Brie; the private means allowed him to pursue interests without concern of support. As early as 1855-1856 while in London he encountered Pre-Raphaelite painting. His encounter with the works of his countrymen, Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot in the collection of his cousin, Etienne Baudry in 1862 brought him to a serious interest in art.

Art critic and novelist; first biographer of Monet and early historian of Impressionism. Geffroy's parents moved to Paris from Morlaix, Brittany the year before his birth. He attended the Collège Chaptal, Paris between 1868-1870. At his father's death in 1870, he left school without earning his lycée degree to work in a bank. Geffroy met Louis-Nicolas Ménard (1822-1901), a hellenist, who piqued an interest in art. With his help, Geffroy founded a journal, Paris-Revue, which lasted a year.

Author of the Art in Context volume on Monet.

Keeper of the Tate, 1907-1911 and Wallace Collection, 1911-1924; early British exponent of French Impressionism. MacColl was the son of the Reverend Dugald MacColl (1826-1882) and Janet Scott Mathieson (MacColl) (d. 1895). He was educated at Glasgow Academy (graduated in 1869), and between 1873 and 1876 at University College School, Hampstead. He entered University College, London in 1876 graduating with his MA in 1881. He joined Lincoln College, Oxford, that year, earning the Newdigate prize for poetry in 1882.

Art critic and historian, gave Cézanne some of his earliest acclaim. In 1900 Marx lobbied for three of Cézanne's paintings to be included at the Exposition Universelle in Paris. In 1904 Marx wrote a positive review of Cézanne for the Salon d'Automne. This exhibition was influenced the young Fauve painters, who were particularly impressed with Cézanne's use of thick paint and use of the palette knife.

Late-Victorian poet, journalist, and art critic. Meynell, then Thompson, was born into an affluent and well-educated family with a pianist- and amateur painter mother, Christiana Jane Weller (1825–1910), and an independently wealthy Jewish father, Thomas James Thompson (1809–1881). Thompson and her elder sister Elizabeth Thompson (1846-1933), later known as Lady Butler and one of the most acclaimed British painters in the 1870s, were homeschooled by their father.

Writer and art critic whose essays Modern Painting brought Impressionist sensibilities to acceptance among the British public. Moore's father was the wealthy landowner George Henry Moore (1810-1870), a Liberal MP for county Mayo and horse breeder, and his mother Mary Blake (Moore) (1830-1895). Moore attended St. Mary's College, a Roman Catholic boarding school in Oscott, near Birmingham. In 1868 while the family lived in London, he enrolled in drawing classes at the South Kensington School of Art and elsewhere.

Scholar of Impressionism and Cézanne; wrote first scholarly synthesis of Impressionism in the English language. Rewald's father was Bruno Albert Rewald (b. 1885), a chemist, and mother Paula Feinstein (Rewald) (1880-1964) a dentist. He was educated at the Lichtwark School in Hamburg, receiving his Abitur in 1931. He spent the years 1931-1936 studying art history at various universities, including Hamburg under Erwin Panofsky and Fritz Saxl, and Frankfurt.

Collector of documents on Corot and impressionism. He published the first catalogue raisonné on Eugene Delacroix and, together with Étienne Moreau-Nélaton, he published theon Corot.

Vermeer scholar and "rediscoverer;" and collector and French Salon critic important for Impressionism; co-founder of L'Alliance des arts. Thoré wrote criticism beginning in the 1830s, during the regime of the July Monarchy (1830-48). By the 1840s his art criticism was wide ranging encompassing aesthetic and political views. He extolled the work of Eugène Delacroix, Théodore Rousseau and other Barbizon school painters, chiding the conservative painters such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres as well as the more popular artists such as Paul Delaroche and Horace Vernet.

Impressionist scholar and gallery dealer. Wildenstein was born to a family of art dealers. His grandfather, Nathan Wildenstein, began the business Wildenstein & Cie., in the 1870s selling 18^th-century and old master paintings. In the early twentieth century, the business expanded to London and New York where their clients included Henry Clay Frick and J. P. Morgan. The younger Wildenstein was educated at the Sorbonne and spent his early professional years as the exhibitions director of the Musée Jacquemart-Andre, Paris, and the Musée Chaalis in the north of France.