Byzantine iconographic scholar, pupil of N. P. Kondakov. Ainalov weighed in with the important Byzantinists Josef Rudolf Thomas Strzygowski and Charles Rufus Morey in contending that early Christian stylistic forms were drawn from western Asian sources and not principally Rome.

Archaeologist and historian of early British medieval iconography. Allen was the son of a landed Welshman, George Baugh Allen (1821-1898), a barrister (known as a "pleader") of the legal association ("Inner Temple") in Narberth, Pembrokeshire, Wales, and his mother, Dorothea Hannah Eaton (Allen) (d. 1868). Allen graduated from King's College School, London, in 1860 and Rugby School in 1863 before attending King's College, London between 1864 and 1866.

Classical iconographer, published the first "scientific" modern iconography of Greek and Roman portraiture.

French compiler of encyclopedia of medieval iconography

French iconographer of medieval sculpture and decorative arts. Cahier studied at the College of Saint-Acheul. He joined the Jesuit order, ordained as priest, in 1824. Cahier lectured at the Jesuit colleges in Paris, Brieg (in the Swiss Canton of Wallis), Turin, and in Belgium at Brugalette. In the pre-photography days, Cahier began "collecting" medieval monuments, noting their location and iconography with the idea of documenting the Christian (i. e., Roman Catholic) faith via art of the middle ages.

semiotics applied to christian iconography

Iconographer,The Abbé Crosnier formed part of the serious interest in medieval iconography of the 19th-century together with Adolphe Napoléon Didron and father Charles Cahier.

iconography

Iconographer, archaeologist and preservationist. Didron initially studied for the church at the seminaries at Meaux and Rheims. In 1826 he moved to Paris in order to study Greek and Latin, working as a teacher. In Paris he met Victor Hugo (1805-1885) in 1831 who encouraged him to study the medieval buildings of Normandy. Didron became fascinated with archaeological method for the middle ages, a discipline developing in France since the establishment of the Société Royale des Antiquaires de France in 1814.

developed "iconography of ornament" for liturgical items

Connoisseur; specialist in Dutch seventeenth-century painting and iconography; Director of the Netherlands Institute for Art History and the Mauritshuis in The Hague. Gudlaugsson was born in Skagen as the son of the Icelandic poet Jonas Gudlaugsson (1887-1916). His mother, Maria Ingenohl, was a Dutch woman raised in Germany. After the death of her husband, she moved with Gudlaugsson, her only child, to Berlin. Gudlaugsson studied art history in Berlin and in Munich. His teachers in Berlin included Oskar Fischel and Wilhelm Pinder.

Amateur art historian and author of Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art. Hall worked in various aspect of book publishing between 1946-72. In 1972 he became a the director of book production services company. His most famous book, a Dictionary of Subject and Symbols in Art first appeared in 1974. The book was subsequently translated into many eastern and western languages. In 2005 he published a biography of Michelangelo.

Art historian and professor in Iconography and Early Christian Art. Hoogewerff attended the Gymnasium in Amersfoort and studied Dutch Language and Literature at the University of Utrecht between 1903 and 1908. In 1912 he received his doctorate, writing his dissertation on Dutch painters working in Italy: Nederlandsche schilders in Italië in de XVIe eeuw. De geschiedenis van het Romanisme. His advisor was Willem Vogelsang, the first full professor in art history in the Netherlands (beginning 1907). Hoogewerff became his assistant in 1908.

Early female art historian of the Italian Renaissance; author of the first systematic study of Christian iconography in the English language. Born the daughter of the Irish miniaturist painter Denis Murphy and English wife (name now lost), the family emigrated to England in 1798, finally settling in London in 1803. Anna Murphy worked as a governess for several wealthy families, one of whom took her to the continent.

One of the chief exponents of the iconographic interpretation of Dutch art emphasizing particularly that many seventeenth-century Dutch genre paintings were intended to have symbolic or emblematic meaning (Simiolus, 1968).

Historian and compiler of Italian saint iconography. Kaftal was raised in Russia. At the Bolshevik revolution, he fled across the snows of Russia initially to Paris, where many émigrés fled. There he worked briefly as a stockbroker, then studied for the preisthood before moving to Florence in the 1930s. In Italy, he devoted himself to the systematic study of the iconography of Italian saints.

Medievalist historian who employed iconography in the analysis of his important book, The King's Two Bodies. He was born in Posen, Prussia, which is present-day, Poznań, Poland. Kantorowicz' parents, Joseph Kantorowicz and Clara Hepner (Kantorowicz), were wealthy, non-practicing Jews, descended from the Bronfman liquor-distribution fortune of eastern Germany. Ernst Kantorowicz was raised among the socially prominent Junker aristocracy in Prussia, graduating from the Auguste Victoria Gymnasium in Poznań with extremely low marks.

compiler of iconographic encyclopedia

edited iconographic encyclopedia

compiler of iconographic encyclopedia

Byzantinist art historian and founder of modern art method for Byzantine studies primarily through iconography. He was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, which is present-day Prague, Czech Republic. Kondakov attended Moscow University under Fedor Ivanovich Buslayev (1818-1897) between 1861 and 1865. He taught at the University of Odessa (1870-1888) spending summers traveling and researching Byzantine art.

Byzantine iconography; student of Dmitrii Vlas'evich Ainalov III

Specialist in the iconography of Near Eastern illuminated manuscripts and wall painting. At age seventeen, Leroy became a monk with the Benedictines of Solemnes, who at that moment were in exile on the Island of Wight (United Kingdom) and returned to Solemnes in 1922. Between 1930 and 1933 he studied at the Pontificio Istituto Biblico in Rome, where he graduated in biblical studies. In 1934 he left the monastery and settled as a priest in Paris. The next twenty years he held several teaching positions, and he continued doing research.

Historian of an early book on Symbolism; University of Nevada-Reno professor of art history. While working on his art history Ph.D. he translated and published the book History of Art by E. H. Grombrich into Swedish. His art history degree, from the University of Uppsala, was granted in 1959 with a dissertation written in English on French Symbolism.

Major medievalist of French Gothic art and architecture, developed iconographic method. Mâle was the son of a miner raised in a small French village of Bézenet, Bourbonnais, and later Monthieux, near St.-Etienne, Loire. Among his childhood memories was that of his father reading the romantic version of the middle ages contained in Notre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo. His secondary schooling, 1872-1878 was at the lycée de Saint-Étienne where he received a background in the classics.