Historian of prehistoric art, museologist, archaeologist specializing in Levantine art. Almagro Basch was the son of a veterinarian Doroteo Almagro Sevilla (1860-1944) and Josefa Zapater (Basch). He began his studies at the Escuela de Tramacastilla and received his bachelor’s degree from the Colegio de los Padres Escolapios de Albarracín. He earned a scholarship at the Universidad de Valencia (1928-1930) and at the Universidad de Madrid where he was granted a degree in Filosofia y Letras (Philosophy and Letters) in 1932 and in Derecho (Law) in 1934.

Professor, museum director, founder of Goya. José Camón Aznar received his bachelor’s degree from the Escuelas Pias de Zaragoza, where his uncle, Reverend Desiderio Aznar, and his brother, Angel Aznar, were professors. He then graduated from the University of Zaragoza with a law degree. There he studied under Spanish writer Domingo Miral y Lopez (1872-1942) and Andres Jimenez Soler (1869- 1938). In 1927, he became the Chair of the Teoría de la literatura y de las artes (Theory of Literature and Arts) department at the University of Salamanca.

Expert in Spanish Art. Elizabeth du Gué Trapier was the granddaughter of Paul Trapier (1749-1778), a public official in South Carolina during the American Civil War. After attending college and traveling through Europe, Trapier worked in cataloguing at the Library of Congress of Washington. In 1918, she moved to New York and was selected by the founder, Archer Hilton Huntington (1870-1955), to work at the Hispanic Society. She was first named to be Conservadora de Pintura (Conserver of the Painting) at that institute and began publishing articles on Spanish medieval and modern painting.

Philosopher, art critic; scholar of baroque and classicism; employed diachronic theory of art history. Eugenio d’Ors was the son of Jose Ors y Rosal and Celia Rovira y Garcia. Due to his delicate health, d’Ors completed primary and secondary school from home. He graduated from the University of Barcelona in 1903 with a law degree. During his time at the university, d’Ors contributed to several magazines including Pel i Ploma,  Catalunya, Lo Pensament Català o Auba, and an art column for El Poble Català.

Author, art critic. Gaya Nuño was born in Tardelcuende, Spain to Antonio Gaya Tovar (1876-1936) and Gregoria Nuño Ortega. His father came from a wealthy family of physicians with republican ideals. In 1920, his family moved to Soria where he earned his bachelor’s degree at the Instituto de Soria. He earned a degree in Filosofia y Letras (Philosophy and Letters) from the Universidad Central de Madrid in 1932. He defended his thesis El románico en la provincia de Soria (Romanesque in the Province of Soria) in 1934.

Bolivian architect, educator, and art historian specializing in the Andean region. Teresa Gisbert was the daughter of Spanish emigrants. Growing up in La Paz, she attended Santa Ana, a private Catholic school. In 1950, she was one of the first women to graduate from the Universidad Mayor de San Andres (Major University of San Andres) in La Paz. She earned a bachelor’s degree in architecture and urbanism. Shortly after, she married architect and historian Jose de Mesa (1925-2010) and went to pursue a graduate degree in Spain in art history with him.

Architect, restorator, archeologist. Lampérez was born into a wealthy family of Aragonese descent. He studied at the Instituto de Zaragoza (Institute of Zaragoza) and earned his BA at the Escuela de Bellas Artes de Zaragoza (School of Fine Arts of Zaragoza) in 1879. After obtaining his degree in architecture from the Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (Superior School of Architecture of Madrid) in 1885, he began working under the architect and archaeologist Ricardo Velazquez Bosco (1843-1923) to restore the Cathedral of Leon.

Writer, art critic, curator, professor. While Volpi was born in Macerata to Dante and Matilde Andreani and spent almost her entire life living in Rome. She attended the Guilio Cesare high school in Rome while taking courses at the Accademia d’Arte drammatica Silvio d’Amico (Silvio d’Amico Academy of Dramatic Arts) where she became interested in the Italian Communist Party. In 1952, she graduated from the Università “La Sapienza” di Roma writing her M.A. in Philosophy entitled Il pensiero politico di Pellegrino Rossi (The political thought of Pellegrino Rossi).

Medievalist; Director General of Bellas Artes, Spain, from 1931-1933 and 1936. Orueta was the son of Francisca Duarte Cardenal (1837-1882), and Domingo de Orueta Aguirre (1833-1895) a naturalist and geologist. He was raised in Málaga, Spain where he studied painting at the Escuela de Bellas Artes (School of Fine Arts). He studied under Joaquín Martínez de la Vega (1846-1905) and worked closely with the painter Denis Belgrano (1844-1918).

Catalonian architect, architectural historian of the Catalonian romanesque, archeologist, and politician. Puig i Cadafalch was the son of wealthy textile industrialists, Joan Puig i Bruguera and Teresa Cadafalch i Bogunyà. He obtained his bachelors from the Escoles Pies de Santa Anna in 1883. From there, he studied physical sciences and mathematics at the University of Barcelona and earned his doctorate at the University of Madrid in 1888 under mentorship of Lluis Domenech i Montaner (1849-1923).

Professor at the UNAM. Rodríguez Prampolini was born in Veracruz in 1926 to Carlos Rodriguez Mendoza, the director of the regional hospital of Veracruz, and Ida Prampolini who came from Italian descent. She obtained her masters in world history from the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Autonomous National University of Mexico (UNAM)) and earned her doctorate from that same institute in 1948 while graduating with magna cum laude honors.

Professor of art history; directed the publications of the Enciclopedia Italiana, founder and director of the magazine Arte Medievale. Romanini was born in Legnano and trained at the University of Pavia under Eduardo Yetwart Arslan (1899-1968). She then continued her studies at the Scuola di specializzazione di Roma under  Geza De Francovich and Guilo Carlo Argan where she focused on late medieval art and architecture.

Professor of Medieval and Modern Art History. Tea was the daughter of a medical doctor and Anna Ricci, the director of the Asilo Umberto I in Vercelli. She was raised in Verona and graduated from University of Padua in 1911. She completed her graduate studies in art history in Rome in 1916 studying under Adolfo Venturi. Tea taught in Rome at a Liceo Classico and was an ispettrice di belle arti (Inspector of Fine Arts) in Ravenna as a Sovrintendenza ai Monumenti, and in Venice, Trento and Roman Forum.

Architect, archaeologist, responsible for major restorations of Alhambra and Generalife. Torres Balbás was the son of the Spanish geographer and historian Rafael Torres Campos (1853-1904) and Victorina Balbás. Torres Balbás obtained his bachelor’s degree from the Instituto Cardenal Cisneros de Madrid where he worked with his father’s friend and Spanish art historian Manuel Bartolome Cossio (1857-1935). Beginning in 1910, he attended the Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (Superior School of Architecture of Madrid) and earned his degree in architecture in 1916.