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Heider, Gustav A., Freiherr von

    Full Name: Heider, Gustav A., Freiherr von

    Other Names:

    • Freiherr von Gustav Adolph Heider

    Gender: male

    Date Born: 1819

    Date Died: 1897

    Place Born: Vienna, Vienna state, Austria

    Place Died: Vienna, Vienna state, Austria

    Home Country/ies: Austria

    Subject Area(s): art theory and Vienna School


    Overview

    Precursor to the (first) Vienna school of art history. Heider gained his law degree in Vienna. In 1842 he became an adjunct (assistant) in the library of the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts (Wiener Akademie der bildenden Künste). He joined the Ministry of Education (Ministerium für Kultus und Unterricht) in 1850, and remained there until 1880. He began his art-history writing with über Tiersymbolik (On Animal Symbolism) in 1849. In 1855 he published a study of Schöngraben church outside Vienna. Part of the appeal of the church was its decaying art work. Heider became concerned about the loss of in situ art in Europe through neglect, an emerging theme in nineteenth-century art history. The following year he edited the journal dedicated to historic art preservation, Mitteliungen sant Jahrbuch der k.k. Zentralkommission zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Kunst- und historischen Denkmale. The journal became the focal point German-speaking scholars of art history, including in Germany and the German art historians Karl Julius Ferdinand Schnaase, Wilhelm Lübke and Anton Springer. In 1858 he authored with Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg a survey of important medieval monuments in the Austrian empire. A book on medieval enamel work followed in 1860. In 1861 he met the elderly Karl Julius Ferdinand Schnaase, whose global art history was the first of its kind. Much of Heider’s work was done in collaboration with Albert Ritter von Camésina (1806-1881). Julius Alwin von Schlosser cast Heider as the one who laid the groundwork for the Vienna School, founded by Eitelberger. Heider viewed art within the context of its time period and according to its historic art criteria. Udo Kultermann observes that unlike Franz Kugler, roughly his contemporary and equally important for the foundation of art history, Heider’s reforms of the discipline took decades to take hold.


    Selected Bibliography

    [complete bibliography:] Mittheilungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Central-Commission für Erforschung und Erhaltung der Kunst und historisch Denkmale 23 (neue Folge, 1897): 119ff. revised, with Came´sina, Albert. Die Darstellungen der Biblia pauperum in einer Handschrift des xiv. Jahrhunderts, aufbewahrt im Stifte St. Florian im Erzherzogthume österreich ob der Enns. Vienna: Kaiserlich-königlichen Hof- und Staatsdr./Prandel & Ewald, 1863; edited, [serial] Mittheilungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Central-Commission zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmale. Vienna: K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1856- ; and Came´sina, Albert von. Der Altaraufsatz im regul. Chorherrnstifte zu Klosterneuburg. Ein Emailwerk des XII. Jahrhunderts angefertigt von Nikolaus aus Verdun. Vienna: Prandel und Meyer, 1860; and Häufler, J. V. “Archäologische Notizen : gesammelt auf einem Ausfluge nach Herzogenburg, Göttweih, Melk und Seitenstätten im September 1849.” Archiv für Kunde österreichischer Geschichts-quellen 2 no 3 (1850): 523-606; Die romanische Kirche zu Schöngrabern in Nieder-Osterreich: ein Beitrag zur christlichen Kunst-Archäologie. Vienna: Carl Gerold & Sohn, 1855; and Eitelberger von Edelberg, Rudolph von. Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmale des österreichischen Kaiserstaates. 2 vols. Stuttgart: Ebner & Scubert, 1858-60.


    Sources

    Kultermann, Udo. The History of Art History. New York: Abaris, 1993, pp. 157-58; Schlosser, Julius von. “Die Wiener Schule der Kunstgeschichte.” Mitteilungen des österreichischen Instituts für Geschforschungen 13 no. 2 (1934): 145ff.; österreichisches biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 2: 241.




    Citation

    "Heider, Gustav A., Freiherr von." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/heiderg/.


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