Self-taught historian and critic of American art. Benjamin was born in Argos, Greece in 1837 where his parents were American missionaries. He was educated at the English College in Smyrna, Turkey and Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. He graduated from Williams College in 1859 having studied both law and art, also seamanship. During his travels, he gained experience as a maritime painter and illustrator. Benjamin published a series of marine depictions of the Crimean War in the London Illustrated News in 1854. He married Clara Stowell, (d. 1880) in 1863.

Art dealer, art historian, and a pioneer as a woman in the field. Lillian Browse was born in London to Michael Browse and Gladys Amy Browse (née Meredith). At three, she emigrated with her family to South Africa, where her father had launched a career as a racehorse trainer. She attended Barnato Park High School in Johannesburg, then returned to London in 1928 in order to study ballet at the Cecchetti Ballet School. While on tour in 1930, she realized that she would not achieve the success she desired as a dancer and decided to switch careers.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, curator of prints, founded Print Collector’s quarterly. Carrington was born in Surbiton, Surrey, England (today, Greater London) in 1869 to R. C. and Sarah Jane (née Pewtress) Carrington. He was educated at Bute House in Petersham, England before attending college at Victoria College on the Island of Jersey. In 1886, he moved to Minnesota, United States. He briefly worked in agriculture, but soon began surveying for the Great Northern Railway. Afterwards, he was employed by Harington Beard (ca. 1868-1940), a fine art dealer in the city.

Early female curator for the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Franc was born and raised in New York city. Her father was a lawyer.  After graduating from Horace Mann school in New York, she entered Wellesley College where her professors included the future director of the Museum of Modern Art, Alfred H. Barr, Jr. After graduation in 1929 she followed Barr to the graduate school of art history at New York University where both had received a fellowship.

Classical art scholar and professor at Bryn Mawr; wrote an early important survey of ancient art. Swindler was born to Harrison T. Swindler and Ida M. Hamilton (Swindler). She received her bachelor's from Indiana University in 1905 and her Master’s in 1906. She then worked as a scholar and then a fellow in Greek at Bryn Mawr College from 1906-1909. achieved early recognition through a 1909 article identifying a pot as by the Penthesilea Painter. A Mary E.