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Zimmern, Helen

Full Name: Zimmern, Helen

Gender: female

Date Born: 25 March 1846

Date Died: 11 January 1934

Place Born: Hamburg, Germany

Place Died: Florence, Tuscany, Italy

Home Country/ies: Germany and United Kingdom

Subject Area(s): Jewish (culture or style) and women (female humans)

Career(s): art historians

Institution(s): Bayswater, Finishing school, and London


Overview

Victorian art historian, writer, biographer, translator. Zimmern was born into a Jewish family in Hamburg, her father was Hermann Theodor Zimmern, a lace merchant, and her mother Antonia Marie Therese Regina (Zimmern). After the political unrest in Germany in 1848, the family emigrated to Britain in 1850, where she spent the rest of her childhood. She received sporadic and somewhat disjointed education until 1860, completing a finishing school certificate in Bayswater, London, in 1864. She thereupon decided to begin her career as an author and translator, writing biographies, novels, and reviews covering a broad range of topics. Her first literary appearance was “An Account of Goslar in the Hartz” in Once a Week in 1868. As an art historian, she contributed frequently to The Magazine of Art and the journal Modern Art, writing biographies and for periodicals for English, American, German, and Italian newspapers. She lectured on Italian art in Germany and Britain, and then moved to Florence in 1887. This same year she edited and wrote the introduction for English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds’ The Discourses, and published the book Gotthold Ephraim Lessing: His Life and His Works on Lessing’s contributions to art and aesthetics. The following year, she wrote a thirty-two page essay in The Art Annual, “The Life and Work of L. Alma-Tadema,” which was expanded into Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema, R.A., published by George Bell in 1902. In 1906, she wrote the book Italy of the Italians, including a section on plastic art, architecture, and sculpture. During her time in Italy, Zimmern began to write on political relations between Italy, Britain, and Germany; she expressed strong anti-German sentiments in Jewish Home Life by criticizing the German persecution of Jews. Zimmern grew sick in 1933 and died in Florence in 1934, having remained single.

Much of Zimmern’s work points to her role as an advocate for European art and writer on topics that many believed to be exclusively for male voices (“Helen Zimmern Corriere”). By writing about sculpture, like that of Leonardo Bistolfi in “A Modern Italian Sculptor,” 1896, she aimed to help women understand how to appreciate and evaluate a sculpture when they looked at one. Zimmern’s writing encouraged women into the artistic sphere; in “The Work of Miss Bessie Potter,” 1900, Zimmern credits Miss Potter’s identity as a woman as the reason for her sculpting skills. Her art reviews are cited as being “largely adulatory” and including many references to artists she claimed she was friends with (Fraser 83). However, this practice introduced continental European artists to people in the British Commonwealth who would otherwise not have had this artistic literacy; in this way she facilitated an international conversation on sculpture and disseminated information on sculptors (Fraser 76).


Selected Bibliography


Sources



Contributors: Rachel Hendrix


Citation

Rachel Hendrix. "Zimmern, Helen." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmernh/.


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Victorian art historian, writer, biographer, translator. Zimmern was born into a Jewish family in Hamburg, her father was Hermann Theodor Zimmern, a lace merchant, and her mother Antonia Marie Therese Regina (Zimmern). After the political unrest i

Zucker, Paul

Full Name: Zucker, Paul

Gender: male

Date Born: 1888

Date Died: 1971

Place Born: Berlin, Germany

Place Died: New York, NY, USA

Home Country/ies: Germany

Career(s): researchers


Overview

New School for Social Research professor. Zucker’s father, Julius Zucker, was a medical doctor who worked for the sanitation authority. His mother was Anna Samter (Zucker). The younger Zucker attended the Wilhelms-Gymnasium, a humanities high school in Berlin where he graduated in 1907. He studied architecture at the Institute of Technology (Königliche Technische Hochschule) receiving the Diplom-Ingenieur in 1911 and Doktor-Ingenieurs in 1913 in the history of architecture under Richard Borrmann. His dissertation was on the topic of pictorial space in Florentine painting. Between 1912-14 he was an assistant to Max Georg Zimmermann at the Schinkel Museum. He married the concert singer Rose Walter (1890-1962) in 1913. After a year teaching at the Reimann Schule in Berlin, 1914, Zucker joined the faculty in art history as a lecturer (Dozent) at the Lessing Hochschule, 1916-35. He practiced architecture in Berlin between 1919-35, much of it as a city planner. He lectured on architecture in radio broadcasts. His interest in stage design led to his association with avant-garde theatre groups. Among his commissions were the Prussian Bank and many country homes. Zucker was Dean of the Faculty at the Lessing Hochschule, 1930-33. In 1937 he was dismissed from his position by the Nazis because he was a Jew. His journal articles of those last years were sign with initials only to avoid recognition. Zucker emigrated to the United States the same year began teaching at the New School for Social Research in New York, then known as the “University in Exile.” He also lectured at the Fashion Institute, the Dramatic Workshop, and Pratt Institute, Brooklyn in the 1940s and 1950s. He remained at the New School until 1970. In 1938 he was appointed lecturer at the Cooper Union, then Adjunct Professor in 1948. He became an American citizen in 1944. In 1950 Zucker published his Styles in Art, a popular treatment of stylistic analysis in art. He retired in 1963 but retained Visiting Professor status 1964-1969 at the Cooper Union. Zucker was interested in architectural space as a theoretical concept. He also wrote extensively on adult education in the arts.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Raumdarstellungen und Bildarchitekturen bei den florentiner Malern der ersten Häfte des Quattrocento. Berlin, Königliche Technische Hochschule. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1913; [complete bibliography:] Markowitz, Arnold L. “Paul Zucker: Architect/Art Historian, 1888/1971.” Louis Kahn and Paul Zucker: Two Bibliographies. New York: American Association of Architectural Bibliographers, Garland Press, 1978, pp. 55-145; Entwicklung des Stadtbildes; die Stadt als Form. Munich: Drei Masken Verlag, 1929; Theater und Lichtspielhäuser. Berlin: E. Wasmuth, 1926; A Platonic Discourse about some Philosophical Problems of Art (X): Between a Young Man, the Student (Y) and /. New York: Cooper Union Art School, 1959; Styles in Painting: a Comparative Study. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publications,1963; American Bridges and Dams. New York: The Greystone Press, 1941; Town and Square from the Agora to the Village Green. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959; Fascination of Decay: Ruins, Relic, Symbol, Ornament. Ridgewood, NJ: Gregg Press, 1968; and Willich, Hans. Die Baukunst der Renaissance in Italien bis zum Tode Michelangelos. 2 vols. Handbuch der Kunstwissenschaft 16. Wildpark-Potsdam: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion, 1914-29; Die Theaterdekoration des Klassizismus: eine Kunstgeschichte des Bühnenbildes. Berlin: R. Kaemmerer, 1925.


Sources

Markowitz, Arnold L. “Paul Zucker: Architect/Art Historian, 1888/1971.” Louis Kahn and Paul Zucker: Two Bibliographies. New York: American Association of Architectural Bibliographers, Garland Press, 1978, pp. 55-60; Wendland, Ulrike. Biographisches Handbuch deutschsprachiger Kunsthistoriker im Exil: Leben und Werk der unter dem Nationalsozialismus verfolgten und vertriebenen Wissenschaftler. Munich: Saur, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 810-813; obituary: New York Times February 16, 1971, p. 36.


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zucker, Paul." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zuckerp/.


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New School for Social Research professor. Zucker’s father, Julius Zucker, was a medical doctor who worked for the sanitation authority. His mother was Anna Samter (Zucker). The younger Zucker attended the Wilhelms-Gymnasium, a humanities high scho

Züchner, Wolfgang

Full Name: Züchner, Wolfgang

Gender: male

Date Born: 1906

Date Died: 1981

Place Born: Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Place Died: Munich, Bavaria, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Ancient Greek (culture or style), ceramic ware (visual works), ceramics (object genre), Classical, pottery (visual works), preservation (function), preserving, protection (maintenance function), restoration (process), and Roman (ancient Italian culture or period)


Overview

Scholar of classical Greek and Roman art; specialist in preservation and restoration of ceramic artwork. Züchner studied archaeology beginning in 1925 at the universities in Berlin and Dresden and ultimately writing his dissertation at Christian-Albrecht-Universität, Kiel, completed in 1934. His dissertation was on Greek mirrors. That year he was hired as Scientific Assistant at the Staatlichen Museum in Berlin. There he issued a book on the Berlin Maned krater in 1938. In 1939 he moved to the Archaeological Institute in Leipzig. He issued a revised version of his doctoral thesis in 1942 as Griechische Klappspiegel. He fought in World War II and was incarcerated as POW. After the war, beginning in 1946, he was responsible for restoring the many broken objects in the Grecian vase collection of the Martin-von-Wagner Museum in Würzburg. In 1953 Züchner was appointed Ordentliche (full) professor at the University of Tübingen. At Tübingen Züchner was head of the collection of plaster and original sculpture of the archaeological institute there. He wrote a curious volume in 1959 on the usefulness and place of the illustration in visual studies. He retired in 1971. Züchner was a specialist in toreutics, or embossing or chasing metal, of the classical era.


Selected Bibliography

Der berliner Mänadenkrater. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1938; Griechische Klappspiegel. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1942; über die Abbildung. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1959.


Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 297-298; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopädie 10: 696.




Citation

"Züchner, Wolfgang." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zuchnerw/.


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Scholar of classical Greek and Roman art; specialist in preservation and restoration of ceramic artwork. Züchner studied archaeology beginning in 1925 at the universities in Berlin and Dresden and ultimately writing his dissertation at Christian-A

Zevi, Bruno

Full Name: Zevi, Bruno

Gender: male

Date Born: 1918

Home Country/ies: Italy

Subject Area(s): architecture (object genre) and sculpture (visual works)


Overview

Architectural historian and architect. Erich Mendelsohn scholar. In the early 1960s, student actions for the reform of the curriculum at the Scuola Superiore di Architettura at Rome (now within the University of Rome La Sapienza) resulted in the reformist appointments of Zevi, Luigi Piccinato (1899-1983), and Ludovico Quaroni (1911-1987) 1963 and 1964. Together with Paolo Portoghesi, he was part of an attack by another architectural historian, Manfredo Tafuri, on the repsonsibilities of architectural history in the 1960s and 1970s.


Selected Bibliography

Architecture as Space: How to Look at Architecture. New York: 1957.


Sources

KMP, 51 mentioned, 103; “Zevi’s View of History.” RIBA Journal 90 (November 1983): 31.


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zevi, Bruno." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zevib/.


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Architectural historian and architect. Erich Mendelsohn scholar. In the early 1960s, student actions for the reform of the curriculum at the Scuola Superiore di Architettura at Rome (now within the University of Rome La Sapienza) resulted in the r

Zschietzschmann, Willy

Full Name: Zschietzschmann, Willy

Gender: male

Date Born: 1900

Date Died: 1976

Place Born: Bautzen, Sachsen, Germany

Place Died: Arnsburg, Hesse, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Ancient Greek (culture or style), Antique, the, Classical, and Roman (ancient Italian culture or period)


Overview

Specialist in classical Greek and Roman art, particularly known for his textbooks. Succeeded Margarete Bieber as ausserplanmäßige Professor and Director of the Archaeological Institute at Giessen University, 1937-1939. Served in the military during World War II and was severely wounded in 1944, leading to leg amputation. Returned to Giessen after the war but because the university was much smaller and in danger of being eliminated, he never returned to a professorship, serving instead as a scientific advisor, and as a director at the Volkshochschule (High School) of Giessen. One of the founders of the Deutsch-Französischen Gesellschaft (German-French society) and Deutsch-Griechischen Gesellschaft (German-Greek society). For the last 18 years of his life he concentrated on the excavation and restoration of the Cistercian Monastery at Arnsburg bei Lich.


Selected Bibliography

Die hellenistische und römische Kunst. 1939.Baugeschicte des Philippeions von Olympia. 1944.Wettkampf- und übungsstätten in Griechenland. 1960/61.


Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 276-277.




Citation

"Zschietzschmann, Willy." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zschietzschmannw/.


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Specialist in classical Greek and Roman art, particularly known for his textbooks. Succeeded Margarete Bieber as ausserplanmäßige Professor and Director of the Archaeological Institute at Giessen University, 1937-1939. Serve

Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron

Full Name: Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron

Other Names:

  • Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel

Gender: male

Date Born: 1881

Date Died: 1941

Place Born: Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia

Place Died: Konitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Baroque, Dutch (culture or style), Dutch Golden Age, and Netherlandish Renaissance-Baroque styles


Overview

Scholar of Dutch baroque era and director of Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett in Dresden (1924-1941). Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. He was born in Reval, Russian Empire, which is present-day Tallin, Estonia. He was the son of Gunther Zoege von Manteuffel (1850-1926) and Henriette “Rita” Ramm (Zoege von Manteuffel) (1857-1918). He studied jurisprudence and then art history at the universities of Munich, Berlin and Halle. He wrote a dissertation in Antonio Pisano but focused his research career on Flemish artists. While an assistant to a museum in Aachen, he contributed articles, largerly on those artists, for and edited the Künstlerlexikon under the direction of Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, between 1911-1914. For the 1914-1915 period Zoege von Manteufel was the director of the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence. Zoege von Manteuffel entered the Kupferstichkabinett (graphics collection) of Berlin Museum (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin). He volunteered as a soldier in First World War and was severely wounded in 1918. By the following year he had been named curator of the Graphics collection at the Dresden Museum, Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett (Saxon-State Print Collection) at the Zwinger. He married Alexandra Luis Eveline (Grafin) von Schwerin (1899-1974) in 1923, rising to director of the Graphics department in 1924. Zoege von Manteuffel developed the prints collection into one of the most representative collections in the west. He presided over the donation of the graphics collection of Friedrich Augustus II in 1927. He created exhibitions of the collections throughout his tenure. He turned his attention to the graphic artist Alfred Rethel, preparing a catalogue raisonné. He died unexpectedly while traveling in West Prussia. His son was the art historian Claus Zoege von Manteuffel.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Die Gemälde und Zeichnungen des Antonio Pisano aus Verona. Halle, 1909; Der deutsche Kupferstich von seinen Anfängen bis zum Ende des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts. Munich: H. Schmidt, 1922; Adriaen Brouwer: acht Farbige wiedergaben seiner Werke. Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, s.d.; Pieter Bruegel: Landschaften. Berlin: W. Klein, 1934; Niederländische Meister des 17. Jahrhunderts: Rubens, Rembrandt, Gerard Terborch und Jan Steen, die Künstlerfamilie van de Velde. Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1937.


Sources

[personal correspondence, Peter Zoege von Manteuffel, October 2009]; [obituaries:] Die Kunst 83 (April 1941) [supplement]: 14; Pantheon 27 (March 1941): 71.




Citation

"Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegek/.


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Scholar of Dutch baroque era and director of Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett in Dresden (1924-1941). Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. He was born in Reval, Russian Empire, which is present-day Tallin, Est

Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus

Full Name: Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus

Other Names:

  • Claus Zoege von Manteuffel

Gender: male

Date Born: 1926

Date Died: 2009

Place Born: Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Place Died: Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

Professor of art history and museum director, Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum, 1978-1991. Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. His father was the art historian Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel director of the Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett (Saxon-State Print Collection) at the Zwinger, Dresden, and his mother Countess Alexandra von Schwerin (Zoege von Manteuffel) (1899-1972). Zoege von Manteuffel grew up in Dresden, attending the Vitzthum (humanities) Gymnasium. In 1941 his father died when Zoege von Manteuffel was just 14 and his brother, a soldier in World War II, was killed in action in 1943. His maternal uncle, Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (1902-1944), was executed in 1944 as a conspirator for the famous assassination attempt of Hitler in 1944. Zoege von Manteuffel was called to the German army, but was a soldier for less than a year. After the conclusion of the war, he studied art history at the universities of Göttingen, Basel, Munich and Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1950 he married a fellow Freiburg Ph.D. student, Hannelore Egly (b. 1925). His Ph.D. was granted from the University of Freiburg in 1952 with a topic on Gottfried Semper. He worked as a volunteer at the Germanischen Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg 1952-1959. In 1955 Zoege assumed the duties of assistant, Stadtisches Kunstmuseum in Düsseldorf (to 1959). He moved to Berlin in 1957 as curator (custos) at the Staatliche Museum der Pruessischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. He remained there until 1968 completing his habilitation at the Technische Universität, Berlin, in 1968 on the topic of Zürn family of seventeenth-century sculptors. The same year he was appointed professor at the university, where he remained until 1978. Zoege was named director of the Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum in Stuttgart in 1978. As director, he launched important exhibitions, established the Department of bronze and iron ages, acquired the Ernesto Wolf Collection of glass objects and expanded the museum to several branches including Waldenbuch, Rottweil and Heidenheim. He was made an honorary professor in 1981 University of Stuttgart. After his divorce to Hannah in 1984, he married Claudia Thomale Endres in 1987. He retired from the museum in 1991. In retirement he acted as advisor to the Domnick collection of abstract paintings and the Nagel auction house in Stuttgart.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Die Baukunst Gottfried Sempers 1803-1879. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1952; [habilitation:] Die Bildhauerfamilie Zürn, 1606-1666. Technische Universität, Berlin, 1968; published, 2 vols. Weissenhorn: Anton H. Konrad Verlag, 1969; and Schlegel, Ursula, eds. Festschrift für Peter Metz. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1965; Französische Zeichnungen vom 15. Jahrhundert bis zum Klassizismus. Hamburg: Hoffmann u. Campe, 1966; Moderne Zeichnungen von 1900-1940. Hamburg: Hoffmann u Campe, 1966; “Kunstwissenschaft als Wissenschaft.” in Kunstgeschichtliche Studien für Kurt Bauch zum 70. Geburtstag von seinen Schülern. Munich: 1967: 301-12; Die Waldseer Bildhauer Zürn: zur Ausstellung im Kornhausmuseum Bad Waldsee. Bad Waldsee: Museums- und Heimatverein, 1998.


Sources

Kleinbauer, W. Eugene. Modern Perspectives in Western Art History: An Anthology of 20th-Century Writings on the Visual Arts. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, cited p. 33 n. 69; [personal correspondence, Peter Zoege von Manteuffel, October 2009].




Citation

"Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegec/.


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Professor of art history and museum director, Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum, 1978-1991. Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. His father was the art historian Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel

Zoëga, Georg

Full Name: Zoëga, Georg

Gender: male

Date Born: 1755

Date Died: 1809

Place Born: Dahler, Germany

Place Died: Rome, Lazio, Italy

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview



Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 10-11


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zoëga, Georg." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegag/.


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Zimmermann, Max Georg

Full Name: Zimmermann, Max Georg

Gender: male

Date Born: 1861

Date Died: 1919

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

Director of the Schinkel Museum, Berlin.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Hanns Müelich und herzog Albrecht V.von Baiern. Munich, 1885, part of the complete thesis, Die bildenden Künste am Hofe herzog Albrecht’s V.von Bayern. Strassburg, J. H. E. Heitz, 1895; Carl Friedrich Schinkel: Kriegsdenkmäler aus Preussens grosser Zeit. Berlin: Der Zirkel, 1916; Oberitalische Plastik im frühen und hohen Mittelalter. Leipzig: A. G. Liebeskind, 1897; and Knackfuss, H. Allgemeine Kunstgeschichte. 3 vols. Leipzig: Velhagen & Klasing, 1906-1914; Giotto und die Kunst Italiens im Mittelalter. Leipzig, E. A. Seemann, 1899.





Citation

"Zimmermann, Max Georg." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmermannm/.


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Director of the Schinkel Museum, Berlin.

Zimmer, Heinrich R.

Full Name: Zimmer, Heinrich R.

Other Names:

  • Heinrich Robert Zimmer

Gender: male

Date Born: 1890

Date Died: 1943

Place Born: Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Place Died: New York, NY, USA

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

South Asian historian of art. Colleague of Joseph Campbell and Carl Jung. Zimmer began his career studying Sanskrit and linguistics at the University of Berlin where he graduated in 1913. Between 1920-24 he lectured at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University in Griefswald, moving to Heidelberg in to fill the Chair of Indian Philology. Here, he wrote some of his most influential work, including Kunstform und Yoga im indischen Kultbild (1926). In 1938 he was dismissed by the Nazi’s, emigrating to London where, between 1939-40 he taught at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1942 he moved to New York to accept a Visiting Lecturer position in Philosphy at Columbia where he died the following year. Zimmer’s method was to examine religious images, using their sacred significance as a key to their psychic transformation. His use of (Indian) philosophy and religious history to interpret art was at odds with traditional scholarship. His vast knowledge of Hindu mythology and philosophy (particularly Puranic and Tantric works) gave him insights into the art, insights appreciated by Joseph Campbell among others. The later edited Zimmer’s writings after his death. The psychiatrist Carl Jung also developed a long-standing relationship with Zimmer. He is credited by many for the popularizing of South Asian art in the West.


Selected Bibliography

Kunstform und yoga im indischen Kultbild. Berlin: Frankfurter Verlags-Anstalt, 1926; English: Artistic Form and Yoga in the Sacred Images of India trans Gerald Chapple and James B. Lawson in collaboration with J. Michael McKnight. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984; The Art of Indian Asia, its Mythology and Transformations. Completed and edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Pantheon,1955; Myths and symbols in Indian art and civilization. Edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Pantheon Books,1946.


Sources

Heinrich Zimmer : Coming into His Own. Edited by Margaret H Case. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994; Linda, Mary. “Zimmer, Heinrich.” The Dictionary of Art.




Citation

"Zimmer, Heinrich R.." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmerh/.


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South Asian historian of art. Colleague of Joseph Campbell and Carl Jung. Zimmer began his career studying Sanskrit and linguistics at the University of Berlin where he graduated in 1913. Between 1920-24 he lectured at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universit