Full Name: Koetschau, Karl Theodor
Gender: male
Date Born: 27 March 1868
Date Died: 17 April 1949
Place Born: Ohrdruf, Thuringia, Germany
Place Died: Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Home Country/ies: Germany
Subject Area(s): Renaissance
Institution(s): Historisches Museum Dresden
Full Name: Heil, Walter
Gender: male
Date Born: unknown
Date Died: unknown
Subject Area(s): European, Medieval (European), and seventeenth century (dates CE)
Institution(s): California Palace of the Legion of Honor
Art historian, curator and collector of medieval and 17th-century European art. Heil left Germany to become curator of European art at the Detroit Institute of Art in1926. In 1933 he was appointed dual director of the California Palace of the Legion of Honor and the M.H de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco (today merged as the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco). There, in 1934 he hired the German expatriate Elizabeth Moses to be the curator of the arts and crafts at the de Young. With the United States in the height of the Depression, the same year he also took on the job of the Region 15 Director (Northern California, Nevada, and Utah) of the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) until 1936. In 1939 he was named director of the de Young, solely, which he served until 1961.
Heil brought the museum to international recognition through early exhibitions of Max Beckmann (1949),Oskar Kokoschka (1950) and Edvard Munch (1951). Among his personal art collections was a self-portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, today in the British Museum.
Watler Heil papers, Archives of American Art. https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-heil-papers-7706
Art historian, curator and collector of medieval and 17th-century European art. Heil left Germany to become curator of European art at the Detroit Institute of Art in1926. In 1933 he was appointed dual director of the California Palace of the Leg
Full Name: Mitchell, Charles
Gender: male
Date Born: 25 January 1912
Date Died: 23 October 1995
Place Born: London, Greater London, England, UK
Place Died: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, UK
Home Country/ies: United Kingdom
Subject Area(s): Italian (culture or style), Modern (style or period), and Renaissance
Institution(s): Bryn Mawr College
Professor of art history, Bryn Mawr College and Warburg scholar, specialist in Italian Renaissance art and particularly the classical influence on the period.
Professor of art history, Bryn Mawr College and Warburg scholar, specialist in Italian Renaissance art and particularly the classical influence on the period.
Full Name: Burmeister, Werner
Gender: male
Date Born: 26 June 1895
Date Died: 30 November 1945
Place Born: Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Place Died: Hamburg, Germany
Home Country/ies: Germany
Subject Area(s): antisemitism and National Socialism
Institution(s): Universität Hamburg
Nazi art historian; director of the Kunstgeschichtliche Seminar, Universität Hamburg (Art History Seminar at the University of Hamburg); responsible for the exile of many Jewish art historians.
Nazi art historian; director of the Kunstgeschichtliche Seminar, Universität Hamburg (Art History Seminar at the University of Hamburg); responsible for the exile of many Jewish art historians.
Full Name: Marijnissen, Roger H.
Date Born: 1923
Place Born: Ghent, East Flanders, Flanders, Belgium
Home Country/ies: Belgium
Subject Area(s): conservation (discipline) and conservation (process)
Institution(s): Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique
Art historian and conservation scholar. Marijnissen was born in Ghent but at an early age lost the sight in his right eye from a serious ulcer. Despite this, Marijnissen studied art history and in 1948 wrote a dissertation on the Patronage of Philip II under Paul Coremans. However the technical aspects of art, rather than archival research, caught his attention. Cormans teaching led Marijnissen to join the initiative to restore L’Agneau Mystique (The Lamb of God) and issue a publication on it.
He was appointed to the Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique (IRPA, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage), Brussels, as Assistant Director, overseeing the Conservation Department under his mentor, Coremans. Unfortunately relations between the two men became strained when the actual duties for Marijnissen’s position and their friendship ultimately ceased. After Coremans death in 1965, Marijnissen defended his dissertation the following year. He published his a revised version of his dissertation, Dégradation, conservation, restauration de l’œuvre d’art, (Degradation, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art) in 1967.
Marijnissen employed a connoisseurship method in his work. He devoted much of this scholarly energies to determining fakes. His scholarly opinions could be at odds with the mainstream; he chose not to take sides in the debate of when Brueghel’s Fall of Icarus was painted in the artist’s career, a view which John White. chided as a moment when “warning bells should really ring.”
Contributors: Lee Sorensen
Art historian and conservation scholar. Marijnissen was born in Ghent but at an early age lost the sight in his right eye from a serious ulcer. Despite this, Marijnissen studied art history and in 1948 wrote a dissertation on the Patronage of Ph
Full Name: Hauttmann, Max
Date Born: unknown
Date Died: unknown
His students included Henri (Heinrich) Stern.
His students included Henri (Heinrich) Stern.
Full Name: Sedlmaier, Richard
Date Born: 10 August 1890
Date Died: 01 June 1963
Sedlmaier’s students included Werner Goldschmidt and Walter Nathan.
Sedlmaier’s students included Werner Goldschmidt and Walter Nathan.
Full Name: Tipping, Marjorie Jean
Other Names:
Gender: female
Date Born: 26 March 1917
Date Died: 28 September 2009
Place Born: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Place Died: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Home Country/ies: Australia
Subject Area(s): Australian, Australian regional styles, colonialism, colonization, penal colonies, and South Australian
Institution(s): University of Melbourne
Australian colonial art historian and art patron. Marjorie Jean McCredie was born to John Alexandra and Florence Amelia Paterson (McCredie). During her childhood, McCredie was influenced by her parents’ politics, her father a Fabian socialist and her mother active in the Australian National Women’s League. McCredie grew up in Princes Hill and Kew, Australia. She attended Presbyterian Ladies’ College boarding school and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated. During her time at the University of Melbourne, Tipping worked as a part-time journalist for the Suns News-Pictorial, writing a regular column, called “Farrago.” It was then edited by her future husband, E.W. (Bill) Tipping (1915–1970). They married in 1942, she taking the name Tipping.
During the second World War, Tipping continued to work as a part-time journalist, eventually moving to a full-time position at the magazine Scientific and Industrial Research. Additionally, she held a position in the industrial welfare and human resources department at Cyclone, a company that manufactured mosquito nets and stretchers for the war effort. The family lived in Boston, Massachusetts a the year when her husband was presented an award at Harvard University in 1951. During that year, Tipping took numerous classes at Harvard that furthered in her interests in the arts and history before returning to Australia. In 1965, She convened the first conference of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. The family returned to the US in 1968, where her husband had been appointed Washington correspondent for the Herald but due to his rapidly declining health, they returned to Australia the same year. In 1968, Tipping became the first woman fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. After her husband’s death in 1970, Tipping founded a charity for children with disabilities in her husband’s name. She published her husband’s collected writings, The Tipping Olympics, Melbourne – 1956, Rome – 1960, in 1972.
From 1972 to 1975, Tipping served as the first woman president of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. Motivated by the Foundation Herald Chair of the Fine Arts at the University of Melbourne, Professor Sir Joseph Burke, Tipping began researching for a work on Australian landscapes, later published as Eugene von Guerard’s Australian Landscapes (1975). It was this work that began her interest in the arts and research, particularly of colonial Australia.
In 1977, she published the picture book, Melbourne on the Yarra. Her 1978 book, The Life and Work of Ludwig Becker (1808-1861) garnered her an honorary MA in art history from the University of Melbourne. Following this publication, Tipping produced an edition of the sketches of colonial artist William Strutt: Victoria the Golden. Tipping was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1981. A year later, she published an edition of the journals of Australian artist Eugene Von Guerard (1811-1901), An Artist on the Goldfields. She returned to the topic of colonial Australian history, publishing Convicts Unbound: The Story of the Calcutta Convicts and their Settlement in Australia in 1988. She later consulted for the Grundy Television’s series Convicts Unbounded. She produced entries for the Australian Dictionary of Biography.
The University of Melbourne granted her the first woman to earn the degree of Doctor of Letters by examination in 1990. In 1999, Tipping served as a contributor to both the Encyclopedia of Melbourne project at Monash University and the University of Melbourne’s Oral History project. She died of a stroke in 2009, age 92.
Contributors: Kerry Rork
Australian colonial art historian and art patron. Marjorie Jean McCredie was born to John Alexandra and Florence Amelia Paterson (McCredie). During her childhood, McCredie was influenced by her parents’ politics, her father a Fabian socialist and
Full Name: Tea, Eva
Gender: female
Date Born: 29 July 1971
Date Died: 1971
Place Born: Biella, Piedmont, Italy
Home Country/ies: Italy
Subject Area(s): Medieval (European) and Modern (style or period)
Institution(s): Università Cattolica di Milano
Professor of Medieval and Modern Art History. Tea was the daughter of a medical doctor and Anna Ricci, the director of the Asilo Umberto I in Vercelli. She was raised in Verona and graduated from University of Padua in 1911. She completed her graduate studies in art history in Rome in 1916 studying under Adolfo Venturi. Tea taught in Rome at a Liceo Classico and was an ispettrice di belle arti (Inspector of Fine Arts) in Ravenna as a Sovrintendenza ai Monumenti, and in Venice, Trento and Roman Forum. It was at the Roman Forum that she met Giacomo Boni. While he asked her to work as a secretary, they eventually conducted excavations together including that of the Basilica of Santa Maria Antiqua. She was then nominated to be a librarian in Milan at the Real Accademia di Belle Arti in Brera. In 1926, she enrolled in a free course at the Catholic University of Milan. She began working with Giuseppe Polvara (1884-1950) in 1929 to organize the Beato Angelico School. For many years, she worked with this avant-garde institution of artistic and political reform, however, when the school transformed into a religious institution subject to juridical conditions, she decided to focus on her students. The Scuola Beato Angelico eventually moved its headquarters to viale San Gimignano; she, however, remained at its old location and founded the Opera di assistenza agli artisti e alle modelle. Upon completion of the course at the Catholic University of Milan, she was first named to the department of Art Criticism and then to the department of Art History and Magisterium. Her most important contributions are found in the Arte Cristiana publications from 1927 to 1962. In 1964, she fractured her femur and her health slowly declined. She retired to live with her sister in 1967 and dying in 1971. She worked on the magazines Arte cristiana , Theatrica , and Vita e pensiero and the newspapers Corriere della Sera and Italia . Tea wrote the collection Quaderni dell’artista, and Umanesimo cristiano , Chiesa e impero nell’arte dei primi secoli Cristiani , Meditazioni su Giotto , and Paolo Veronese .
Contributors: Denise Shkurovich
Professor of Medieval and Modern Art History. Tea was the daughter of a medical doctor and Anna Ricci, the director of the Asilo Umberto I in Vercelli. She was raised in Verona and graduated from University of Padua in 1911. She completed her grad
Full Name: Roussel, Christine Leo
Other Names:
Gender: female
Date Born: 20 January 1939
Place Born: New York, NY, USA
Home Country/ies: United States
Subject Area(s): Modern (style or period), sculpture (visual works), and statues
Institution(s): Metropolitan Museum of Art
Statue and sculpture conservator; special assistant for International Exhibit Loans at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Leo was born in New York City to Elinore Baisley Leo (Wellington) (1914–2008) and Arnold Leo II. Graduating from The High School of Music and Art, Roussel continued her studies at Wilson College, where she earned a Bachelor’s Degree. Enrolling in Goddard College, Ms. Leo received her Master’s Degree in Art and Education before traveling to Greece and later France to intern under the sculptor Ossip Zadkine and study at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. After returning to New York City, Roussel began her decade of work at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Working as a Special Assistant to the director, Thomas Hoving, Roussel traveled internationally to curate the Metropolitan’s exhibits of King Tutankhamen, the Scythian Treasures, and Treasures of Island. In 1977, Roussel founded the art conservation company Roussel Studios, where she focused primarily on New York City art. Restoring the Statue of Liberty, The Reclining Figure by Henry Moore, and Le Guichet by Alexander Calder. Internationally, Roussel worked in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, the Louvre, and the Musées de France. She was a board member of the American Friends of the Benaki Museum in Athens, the Madoo Gardens in Sagaponack, and the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. In addition, Roussel worked at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts.
For her work in New York art conservation, Roussel was honored with awards from both the National Association of Professional Women and the Association for a Better New York. She also served as an art consultant for four Presidential Administrations, and Vice President Nelson Rockefeller—helping him establish a 3-D art reproduction studio. Roussel appeared on The Daily Show, the Cunard Insight Series, and in the Men in Lunch Movie where she explained her investigation into the famed “Lunch atop a Skyscraper” photograph.
Contributors: Eleanor Ross
Statue and sculpture conservator; special assistant for International Exhibit Loans at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Leo was born in New York City to Elinore Baisley Leo (Wellington) (1914–2008) and Arnold Leo II. Graduating from The High School of