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Art Historians

Züchner, Wolfgang

Full Name: Züchner, Wolfgang

Gender: male

Date Born: 1906

Date Died: 1981

Place Born: Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Place Died: Munich, Bavaria, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Ancient Greek (culture or style), ceramic ware (visual works), ceramics (object genre), Classical, pottery (visual works), preservation (function), preserving, protection (maintenance function), restoration (process), and Roman (ancient Italian culture or period)


Overview

Scholar of classical Greek and Roman art; specialist in preservation and restoration of ceramic artwork. Züchner studied archaeology beginning in 1925 at the universities in Berlin and Dresden and ultimately writing his dissertation at Christian-Albrecht-Universität, Kiel, completed in 1934. His dissertation was on Greek mirrors. That year he was hired as Scientific Assistant at the Staatlichen Museum in Berlin. There he issued a book on the Berlin Maned krater in 1938. In 1939 he moved to the Archaeological Institute in Leipzig. He issued a revised version of his doctoral thesis in 1942 as Griechische Klappspiegel. He fought in World War II and was incarcerated as POW. After the war, beginning in 1946, he was responsible for restoring the many broken objects in the Grecian vase collection of the Martin-von-Wagner Museum in Würzburg. In 1953 Züchner was appointed Ordentliche (full) professor at the University of Tübingen. At Tübingen Züchner was head of the collection of plaster and original sculpture of the archaeological institute there. He wrote a curious volume in 1959 on the usefulness and place of the illustration in visual studies. He retired in 1971. Züchner was a specialist in toreutics, or embossing or chasing metal, of the classical era.


Selected Bibliography

Der berliner Mänadenkrater. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1938; Griechische Klappspiegel. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1942; über die Abbildung. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1959.


Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 297-298; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopädie 10: 696.




Citation

"Züchner, Wolfgang." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zuchnerw/.


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Scholar of classical Greek and Roman art; specialist in preservation and restoration of ceramic artwork. Züchner studied archaeology beginning in 1925 at the universities in Berlin and Dresden and ultimately writing his dissertation at Christian-A

Zschietzschmann, Willy

Full Name: Zschietzschmann, Willy

Gender: male

Date Born: 1900

Date Died: 1976

Place Born: Bautzen, Sachsen, Germany

Place Died: Arnsburg, Hesse, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Ancient Greek (culture or style), Antique, the, Classical, and Roman (ancient Italian culture or period)


Overview

Specialist in classical Greek and Roman art, particularly known for his textbooks. Succeeded Margarete Bieber as ausserplanmäßige Professor and Director of the Archaeological Institute at Giessen University, 1937-1939. Served in the military during World War II and was severely wounded in 1944, leading to leg amputation. Returned to Giessen after the war but because the university was much smaller and in danger of being eliminated, he never returned to a professorship, serving instead as a scientific advisor, and as a director at the Volkshochschule (High School) of Giessen. One of the founders of the Deutsch-Französischen Gesellschaft (German-French society) and Deutsch-Griechischen Gesellschaft (German-Greek society). For the last 18 years of his life he concentrated on the excavation and restoration of the Cistercian Monastery at Arnsburg bei Lich.


Selected Bibliography

Die hellenistische und römische Kunst. 1939.Baugeschicte des Philippeions von Olympia. 1944.Wettkampf- und übungsstätten in Griechenland. 1960/61.


Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 276-277.




Citation

"Zschietzschmann, Willy." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zschietzschmannw/.


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Specialist in classical Greek and Roman art, particularly known for his textbooks. Succeeded Margarete Bieber as ausserplanmäßige Professor and Director of the Archaeological Institute at Giessen University, 1937-1939. Serve

Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron

Full Name: Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron

Other Names:

  • Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel

Gender: male

Date Born: 1881

Date Died: 1941

Place Born: Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia

Place Died: Konitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Baroque, Dutch (culture or style), Dutch Golden Age, and Netherlandish Renaissance-Baroque styles


Overview

Scholar of Dutch baroque era and director of Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett in Dresden (1924-1941). Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. He was born in Reval, Russian Empire, which is present-day Tallin, Estonia. He was the son of Gunther Zoege von Manteuffel (1850-1926) and Henriette “Rita” Ramm (Zoege von Manteuffel) (1857-1918). He studied jurisprudence and then art history at the universities of Munich, Berlin and Halle. He wrote a dissertation in Antonio Pisano but focused his research career on Flemish artists. While an assistant to a museum in Aachen, he contributed articles, largerly on those artists, for and edited the Künstlerlexikon under the direction of Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, between 1911-1914. For the 1914-1915 period Zoege von Manteufel was the director of the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence. Zoege von Manteuffel entered the Kupferstichkabinett (graphics collection) of Berlin Museum (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin). He volunteered as a soldier in First World War and was severely wounded in 1918. By the following year he had been named curator of the Graphics collection at the Dresden Museum, Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett (Saxon-State Print Collection) at the Zwinger. He married Alexandra Luis Eveline (Grafin) von Schwerin (1899-1974) in 1923, rising to director of the Graphics department in 1924. Zoege von Manteuffel developed the prints collection into one of the most representative collections in the west. He presided over the donation of the graphics collection of Friedrich Augustus II in 1927. He created exhibitions of the collections throughout his tenure. He turned his attention to the graphic artist Alfred Rethel, preparing a catalogue raisonné. He died unexpectedly while traveling in West Prussia. His son was the art historian Claus Zoege von Manteuffel.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Die Gemälde und Zeichnungen des Antonio Pisano aus Verona. Halle, 1909; Der deutsche Kupferstich von seinen Anfängen bis zum Ende des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts. Munich: H. Schmidt, 1922; Adriaen Brouwer: acht Farbige wiedergaben seiner Werke. Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, s.d.; Pieter Bruegel: Landschaften. Berlin: W. Klein, 1934; Niederländische Meister des 17. Jahrhunderts: Rubens, Rembrandt, Gerard Terborch und Jan Steen, die Künstlerfamilie van de Velde. Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1937.


Sources

[personal correspondence, Peter Zoege von Manteuffel, October 2009]; [obituaries:] Die Kunst 83 (April 1941) [supplement]: 14; Pantheon 27 (March 1941): 71.




Citation

"Zoege von Manteuffel, Kurt, Baron." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegek/.


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Scholar of Dutch baroque era and director of Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett in Dresden (1924-1941). Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. He was born in Reval, Russian Empire, which is present-day Tallin, Est

Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus

Full Name: Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus

Other Names:

  • Claus Zoege von Manteuffel

Gender: male

Date Born: 1926

Date Died: 2009

Place Born: Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Place Died: Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

Professor of art history and museum director, Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum, 1978-1991. Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. His father was the art historian Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel director of the Staatliche Kupferstichkabinett (Saxon-State Print Collection) at the Zwinger, Dresden, and his mother Countess Alexandra von Schwerin (Zoege von Manteuffel) (1899-1972). Zoege von Manteuffel grew up in Dresden, attending the Vitzthum (humanities) Gymnasium. In 1941 his father died when Zoege von Manteuffel was just 14 and his brother, a soldier in World War II, was killed in action in 1943. His maternal uncle, Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (1902-1944), was executed in 1944 as a conspirator for the famous assassination attempt of Hitler in 1944. Zoege von Manteuffel was called to the German army, but was a soldier for less than a year. After the conclusion of the war, he studied art history at the universities of Göttingen, Basel, Munich and Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1950 he married a fellow Freiburg Ph.D. student, Hannelore Egly (b. 1925). His Ph.D. was granted from the University of Freiburg in 1952 with a topic on Gottfried Semper. He worked as a volunteer at the Germanischen Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg 1952-1959. In 1955 Zoege assumed the duties of assistant, Stadtisches Kunstmuseum in Düsseldorf (to 1959). He moved to Berlin in 1957 as curator (custos) at the Staatliche Museum der Pruessischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. He remained there until 1968 completing his habilitation at the Technische Universität, Berlin, in 1968 on the topic of Zürn family of seventeenth-century sculptors. The same year he was appointed professor at the university, where he remained until 1978. Zoege was named director of the Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum in Stuttgart in 1978. As director, he launched important exhibitions, established the Department of bronze and iron ages, acquired the Ernesto Wolf Collection of glass objects and expanded the museum to several branches including Waldenbuch, Rottweil and Heidenheim. He was made an honorary professor in 1981 University of Stuttgart. After his divorce to Hannah in 1984, he married Claudia Thomale Endres in 1987. He retired from the museum in 1991. In retirement he acted as advisor to the Domnick collection of abstract paintings and the Nagel auction house in Stuttgart.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Die Baukunst Gottfried Sempers 1803-1879. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1952; [habilitation:] Die Bildhauerfamilie Zürn, 1606-1666. Technische Universität, Berlin, 1968; published, 2 vols. Weissenhorn: Anton H. Konrad Verlag, 1969; and Schlegel, Ursula, eds. Festschrift für Peter Metz. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1965; Französische Zeichnungen vom 15. Jahrhundert bis zum Klassizismus. Hamburg: Hoffmann u. Campe, 1966; Moderne Zeichnungen von 1900-1940. Hamburg: Hoffmann u Campe, 1966; “Kunstwissenschaft als Wissenschaft.” in Kunstgeschichtliche Studien für Kurt Bauch zum 70. Geburtstag von seinen Schülern. Munich: 1967: 301-12; Die Waldseer Bildhauer Zürn: zur Ausstellung im Kornhausmuseum Bad Waldsee. Bad Waldsee: Museums- und Heimatverein, 1998.


Sources

Kleinbauer, W. Eugene. Modern Perspectives in Western Art History: An Anthology of 20th-Century Writings on the Visual Arts. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, cited p. 33 n. 69; [personal correspondence, Peter Zoege von Manteuffel, October 2009].




Citation

"Zoege von Manteuffel, Claus." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegec/.


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Professor of art history and museum director, Wüttembergisches Landesmuseum, 1978-1991. Zoege von Manteuffel hailed from an aristocratic north-German/Danish family. His father was the art historian Baron Kurt Zoege von Manteuffel

Zoëga, Georg

Full Name: Zoëga, Georg

Gender: male

Date Born: 1755

Date Died: 1809

Place Born: Dahler, Germany

Place Died: Rome, Lazio, Italy

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview



Sources

Archäologenbildnisse: Porträts und Kurzbiographien von Klassichen Archäologen deutscher Sprache. Reinhard Lullies, ed. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1988: 10-11


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zoëga, Georg." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zoegag/.


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Zimmermann, Max Georg

Full Name: Zimmermann, Max Georg

Gender: male

Date Born: 1861

Date Died: 1919

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

Director of the Schinkel Museum, Berlin.


Selected Bibliography

[dissertation:] Hanns Müelich und herzog Albrecht V.von Baiern. Munich, 1885, part of the complete thesis, Die bildenden Künste am Hofe herzog Albrecht’s V.von Bayern. Strassburg, J. H. E. Heitz, 1895; Carl Friedrich Schinkel: Kriegsdenkmäler aus Preussens grosser Zeit. Berlin: Der Zirkel, 1916; Oberitalische Plastik im frühen und hohen Mittelalter. Leipzig: A. G. Liebeskind, 1897; and Knackfuss, H. Allgemeine Kunstgeschichte. 3 vols. Leipzig: Velhagen & Klasing, 1906-1914; Giotto und die Kunst Italiens im Mittelalter. Leipzig, E. A. Seemann, 1899.





Citation

"Zimmermann, Max Georg." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmermannm/.


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Director of the Schinkel Museum, Berlin.

Zimmer, Heinrich R.

Full Name: Zimmer, Heinrich R.

Other Names:

  • Heinrich Robert Zimmer

Gender: male

Date Born: 1890

Date Died: 1943

Place Born: Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Place Died: New York, NY, USA

Home Country/ies: Germany


Overview

South Asian historian of art. Colleague of Joseph Campbell and Carl Jung. Zimmer began his career studying Sanskrit and linguistics at the University of Berlin where he graduated in 1913. Between 1920-24 he lectured at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University in Griefswald, moving to Heidelberg in to fill the Chair of Indian Philology. Here, he wrote some of his most influential work, including Kunstform und Yoga im indischen Kultbild (1926). In 1938 he was dismissed by the Nazi’s, emigrating to London where, between 1939-40 he taught at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1942 he moved to New York to accept a Visiting Lecturer position in Philosphy at Columbia where he died the following year. Zimmer’s method was to examine religious images, using their sacred significance as a key to their psychic transformation. His use of (Indian) philosophy and religious history to interpret art was at odds with traditional scholarship. His vast knowledge of Hindu mythology and philosophy (particularly Puranic and Tantric works) gave him insights into the art, insights appreciated by Joseph Campbell among others. The later edited Zimmer’s writings after his death. The psychiatrist Carl Jung also developed a long-standing relationship with Zimmer. He is credited by many for the popularizing of South Asian art in the West.


Selected Bibliography

Kunstform und yoga im indischen Kultbild. Berlin: Frankfurter Verlags-Anstalt, 1926; English: Artistic Form and Yoga in the Sacred Images of India trans Gerald Chapple and James B. Lawson in collaboration with J. Michael McKnight. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984; The Art of Indian Asia, its Mythology and Transformations. Completed and edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Pantheon,1955; Myths and symbols in Indian art and civilization. Edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Pantheon Books,1946.


Sources

Heinrich Zimmer : Coming into His Own. Edited by Margaret H Case. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994; Linda, Mary. “Zimmer, Heinrich.” The Dictionary of Art.




Citation

"Zimmer, Heinrich R.." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmerh/.


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South Asian historian of art. Colleague of Joseph Campbell and Carl Jung. Zimmer began his career studying Sanskrit and linguistics at the University of Berlin where he graduated in 1913. Between 1920-24 he lectured at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universit

Zimmer, Friedrich

Full Name: Zimmer, Friedrich

Gender: male

Date Born: 1855

Date Died: 1919

Home Country/ies: Germany

Subject Area(s): Classical


Overview

Classicist and art historian at Heidelberg. Mentioned as having taught Brendel.






Citation

"Zimmer, Friedrich." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zimmerf/.


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Classicist and art historian at Heidelberg. Mentioned as having taught Brendel.

Zigrosser, Carl

Full Name: Zigrosser, Carl

Other Names:

  • Carl Zigrosser

Gender: male

Date Born: 1891

Date Died: 1975

Place Born: Indianapolis, Marion, IN, USA

Place Died: Montagnola, Switzerland

Home Country/ies: United States

Subject Area(s): prints (visual works)

Career(s): curators


Overview

Philadelphia Museum of Art Prints curator, 1941-1963. Zigrosser was the son of an Austrian immigrant, Hugo A. Zigrosser (1860-1935), a civil engineer, and an American, Emma Haller (Zigrosser) (b. 1870), both Roman Catholics. The younger Zigrosser was fluent in German from an early age. After graduating from the Newark (N. J.) Academy in 1908, he attended Columbia College, Columbia University, with the intent of becoming a chemist. He received his B. A. in three years (1911) and began graduate work in comparative literature, where he read the esthetics of Benedetto Croce and heard lectures by George Santayana (1863-1952). He joined Frederick Keppel & Company, a New York print dealer. There he learned the art trade and met many famous collectors, literati, artists (most notably Rockwell Kent) and curators, including William M. Ivins, Jr., founder of the Prints Department at the Metropolitan Museum Art and Juliana R. Force director of the Whitney Studio Club (later Whitney Museum of Art). During this time he contributed to and edited the Modern School Magazine. He married a Greenwich Village feminist, Florence “Kinglet” King (1867-1945), twelve years his senior, in 1915. Zigrosser was a conscientious objector to World War I and while the war still going, he left Keppels in 1918 to become a research assistant for the United Engineering Society library. In 1919 he founded and was director of the Weyhe Gallery (in conjunction with the Weyhe Bookstore), which he directed until 1940. During those years, Zigrosser helped establish many American artists, included the sculptor John Bernard Flannagan, (1895/6-1942), whom he met in 1926. Zigrosser published Six Centuries of Prints in 1937 as a primer on graphics collecting to educate novices in the field. The book was a monumental success and raised Zigrosser’s reputation as a print authority. In 1941 he was appointed curator of prints, drawings and rare books at the Philadelphia Museum of Art by its director, Fiske Kimball. Under Zigrosser’s direction, the collection grew from 15,000 items to over 100,000. Among these were the Watteau engravings from the Rosenwald collection, the Osborne collection of folk prints, the Scholz collection of 17th-century prints, and the Alfred Stieglitz’ collection of photographs. After his first wife’s death in 1945, Zigrosser married Laura Canadè, a Weyhe Gallery employee, in 1946. He was named a trustee of the Solomon Guggenheim Museum in 1952. In 1955 Zigrosser was appointed the museum’s vice-director. He retired in 1963 as a curator emeritus but remained as an adviser to the print department. Zigrosser issued the catalogue raisonné of John Marin prints, The Complete Etchings of John Marin in 1969, as the exhibition catalog for the show at the Philadelphia Museum. It is still considered the best study on Marin’s prints. He died at his home in Switzerland. Zigrosser’s was one of a number of early American curators who raised the public’s awareness for graphics as a serious art form. His introductory text, Six Centuries of Prints (1937) went through numerous editions during Zigrosser’s lifetime under a variety of titles: The Book of Fine Prints: an Anthology of Printed Pictures and Introduction to the Study of Graphic Art in the West and the East (1956) and Prints and their Creators: a World History: an Anthology of Printed Pictures [etc.] (1974).


Selected Bibliography

The Expressionists: a Survey of their Graphic Art. New York: G. Braziller, 1957; Prints: Thirteen Illustrated Essays on the Art of the Print. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston/Print Council of America, 1962; The Artist in America: Twenty-four Close-ups of Contemporary Printmakers. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1942; Rockwellkentiana: Few Words and Many Pictures by R. K. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1933; Six Centuries of Fine Prints. New York: Covici-Friede 1937; The Complete Etchings of John Marin. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1969.


Sources

My Own Shall Come to Me: A Personal Memoir and Picture Chronicle. Haarlem, Netherlands: Casa Laura, 1971; Zigrosser, Carl. A World of Art and Museums. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1975; personal correspondence, Steve Mayhew, April 2011; [obituary:] “Carl Zigrosser, Prints Curator At Philadelphia Museum, Dies.” New York Times November 27, 1975, p. 36.


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zigrosser, Carl." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zigrosserc/.


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Philadelphia Museum of Art Prints curator, 1941-1963. Zigrosser was the son of an Austrian immigrant, Hugo A. Zigrosser (1860-1935), a civil engineer, and an American, Emma Haller (Zigrosser) (b. 1870), both Roman Catholics. The younger Zigrosser

Zevi, Bruno

Full Name: Zevi, Bruno

Gender: male

Date Born: 1918

Home Country/ies: Italy

Subject Area(s): architecture (object genre) and sculpture (visual works)


Overview

Architectural historian and architect. Erich Mendelsohn scholar. In the early 1960s, student actions for the reform of the curriculum at the Scuola Superiore di Architettura at Rome (now within the University of Rome La Sapienza) resulted in the reformist appointments of Zevi, Luigi Piccinato (1899-1983), and Ludovico Quaroni (1911-1987) 1963 and 1964. Together with Paolo Portoghesi, he was part of an attack by another architectural historian, Manfredo Tafuri, on the repsonsibilities of architectural history in the 1960s and 1970s.


Selected Bibliography

Architecture as Space: How to Look at Architecture. New York: 1957.


Sources

KMP, 51 mentioned, 103; “Zevi’s View of History.” RIBA Journal 90 (November 1983): 31.


Archives


Contributors: Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen


Citation

Emily Crockett and Lee Sorensen. "Zevi, Bruno." Dictionary of Art Historians (website). https://arthistorians.info/zevib/.


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Architectural historian and architect. Erich Mendelsohn scholar. In the early 1960s, student actions for the reform of the curriculum at the Scuola Superiore di Architettura at Rome (now within the University of Rome La Sapienza) resulted in the r